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After the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into operation in 1995 developing countries have found themselves in a process of continual negotiation over intellectual property rights and access to medicines. These negotiations have taken place in the World Trade Organization and in the context of free trade agreements. The paper suggests that the...

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This paper studies the regional differences of intellectual property rights (IPRs), revealing IPRs protection’s regional difference in China. By introducing “implementation effect” to adjust G-P Index, it can be realized that China’s IPRs protection have been steadily improved, and there has been obvious and steady differences in IPRs. Developed districts have higher protection level of IPRs th...

“Intellectual property protection is important, but, almost of necessity, imperfect. It is harder and therefore more costly to define than conventional property, and by the same token, it is costlier to enforce intellectual property rights. In some cases, the inventor gets more than his marginal contribution, in other cases, less. Intellectual property protection strengthens dynamic efficiency ...

T policy brief summarizes the main arguments and conclusions of a forthcoming book by United Nations University Press, which examines the regulation of bioprospecting for drug research from an interdisciplinary law and economics perspective. Bioprospecting was once touted as a promising opportunity for collaborative ventures in biotechnology-based research and development (R&D) between the gene...

This paper presents a brief overview of intellectual property rights and the various areas in proteomics to which IP rights may be applicable. Technology transfer, including licensing and business agreements, are not covered in this paper. Instead, issues and complications related to national and overseas patent prosecution in this relatively new field will be discussed.

Patent thickets are unintentionally dense webs of overlapping intellectual property rights owned by different companies that can retard progress. This article begins with a review of existing research on patent thickets, focusing in particular on the problem of patent thickets in nanotechnology, or nanothickets. After presenting visual evidence of the presence of nanothickets using a network an...