ESC (Electronic Stability Control) was introduced on the mass market in 1998. Since then, several studies showing the positive effects of ESC has been presented. In this study, data from crashes occurring in Sweden during 1998 to 2004 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ESC on real life crashes. To control for exposure, induced exposure methods were used, where ESC-sensitive to ESC-insen...

In 2005, we launched the Ethical, Social and Cultural (ESC) Program for the Grand Challenges in Global Health (GCGH) initiative, as described in the fi rst article in this series [1]. To identify key ESC issues, we conducted group discussions with investigators and program offi cers from the GCGH projects, as well as interviews with developing world experts. Our approach is shown in Box 1. This...

We have delimited the extra sex combs (esc) gene to < 4 kb that include a single transcript and are able to rescue both the maternal and zygotic esc phenotypes. Several mutations have been identified within the esc transcript. In agreement with earlier genetic studies, esc is expressed maternally and its product is most abundant during the early embryonic stages. It encodes a protein of the WD-...

PURPOSE Endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD) has been recently proposed to be a putative precursor to endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC). The purpose of this study is to determine if EmGD is genetically linked to ESC and if it can be used for early detection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The tumor suppressor p53 gene was sequenced from serial samples of benign and neoplastic endometria with serous d...

Stem cell therapies will only become clinically relevant if the stem cells differentiated in vitro function as their in vivo counterparts. Here, we employed our previously developed techniques for deriving endothelial cells (>96% purity) from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and compared these with mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) obtained from thoracic aortas. Immunocytochemical analysis ...

OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is not well defined. Here, we explore the effects of RhoA on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Human ESCs were enriched by rapid adhesion to collagen IV. RhoA(+/+)(G14V), RhoA(-/-)(T19N) and pGFP control plasmids were transfected into human...

Decidualization is an essential process of endometrial differentiation for embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Recently, uterine movement-induced mechanical stress was noticed to have possible effects on endometrial functions. In this study, we addressed the possible effect of mechanical stress on the process of decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESC). ESC were cultured...

This paper develops a fractional-order sliding mode based extremum seeking controller (FO SM-ESC) for the optimization of nonlinear systems. The proposed FO SM-ESC, involving an FO derivative function 0D q t sgn(e), 0 ≤ q < 1 is shown to achieve faster tracking and higher control accuracy than the integerorder (IO) SM-ESC. The tradeoff between control performance and parameters selection is ana...

BACKGROUND Inflammation has been proposed to play essential roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, in which neutrophils and mast cells have been suggested to be involved. We studied whether the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which is activated by enzymes from neutrophils and mast cells, in endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) has any implication in the development of the disease. ...

Electronic stability control (ESC) is an in-vehicle technology aimed at improving primary safety by assisting the driver in avoiding loss of control of the vehicle. The aim of this study was to use available crash data from Australia and New Zealand to evaluate the effectiveness of ESC in reducing crash risk and to establish whether benefits estimated from overseas studies have translated to th...