In this paper, a voice activity detection (VAD) method is proposed based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) by exploiting the spatial selectivity in dual-microphone environments. In other words, each GMM is constructed according to the direction-ofarrival (DOA) to detect speech intervals. Based on the assumption that the target speech is located in front of dual-microphones, the VAD is performed...

We develop a mathematical foundation for operator quantum error correction. This is a new paradigm for the error correction of quantum operations that incorporates the known techniques — i.e. the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method — as special cases, and relies on a generalized notion of noiseless subsystems that is not ...

Error correction codes are used in semiconductor memories to protect information against soft and hard errors. Soft error is a major concern for memory reliability especially for memories that are used in space applications. Hamming codes are attractive as they are simple to construct for any word length and encoding / decoding can be done with low latency. In this paper, the design of Single E...

In this paper, a dysarthric speech recognition error-correction method in a weighted finite state transducer (WFST) framework is proposed to improve the performance of dysarthric automatic speech recognition (ASR). To this end, pronunciation variation models are constructed from a context-dependent confusion matrix based on a weighted Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance between triphones. Then, a WF...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the psychometric properties of a vision-targeted measure of health-related quality of life, the National Eye Institute-Refractive Error Quality of Life survey (NEI-RQL), which includes 13 scales designed to assess the impact of refractive error and its correction on day-to-day life. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS The NEI-RQL was self-administered by 667 my...

A small macroeconomic model is constructed starting from a German money demand relation for M3 based on quarterly, seasonally unadjusted data for the period from 1976 to 1996. In contrast to previous studies we build a vector error correction model for M3, GNP, an innation rate and an interest rate spread variable to represent opportunity costs of holding money. Furthermore, import price innati...