Solvency II will transform the system for determining capital requirements for insurers. The new regulatory framework proposes a standard model, but at the same time, it encourages the use of internal models of self-evaluation and risk management. This paper attempts to assess the adequacy of Markov switching models for the design of internal models of insurers' equity risk exposure. We have us...

BACKGROUND Equitable distribution of health system resources has been a serious challenge for long ago among the health policy makers. Conducted studies have mostly ever had emphasis on equality rather than equity. In this paper we have attempted to examine both equality and equity in resources distribution. METHOD This is an applied and descriptive study in which we plotted Lorenz and concen...

Pursuit of equity in health and health care has been the key feature of health policy in India. Despite the policy significance, the volume of literature on this important topic is very inadequate in the Indian context. This paper, for the first time seeks to provide evidence on horizontal inequity in health care utilization in 16 major states and north-eastern region of India. The number of ou...

BACKGROUND Social franchising programs in low- and middle-income countries have tried using the standard wealth index, based on the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) questionnaire, in client exit interviews to assess clients' relative wealth compared with the national wealth distribution to ensure equity in service delivery. The large number of survey questions required to capture the wealth ...

This paper reports on the statistical analysis of the 1995 survey of 451 shrimp farms in Thailand. The aim was to identify relationships which may indicate key issues for research into sustainability. Rigorous cleaning up of the data was carried out to eliminate cases where the data could not be validated or where a respondent consistently omitted data. In the subsequent analysis, nine key outc...

sustainability is a concept that emphasizes substantially on investments conservation (natural, social and economic) toward intra-generation equity. when sustainable development is achieved an overlapping is created between ecological, economic and social classes. the goal of this study is to measure and evaluate watershed sustainability. in order to evaluate sustainability in zidasht basin 1, ...

This paper applies concentration curves and indices, that have been previously used to analyze progressivity in health care finance and horizontal equity in health care delivery in developed countries, to a 1998-1999 household survey about health care expenditures and utilization carried out in four francophone West African capitals (Abidjan, Bamako, Conakry and Dakar). The paper also uses stat...