upper respiratory tract diseases (urtd) are common clinical problem in cats worldwide. feline calicivirus (fcv) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) are the main primary pathogens. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are also among the most common infectious diseases of cats which suppress the immunity. oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples wer...

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes considerable economic loss to the equine industry and is spread among susceptible animals during cycles of latency reactivation, causing rhinopneumonitis, abortion, neurological disease. Nucleotide polymorphisms within ORF30 ORF68 sequences viral genome are associated with strain neuropathogenicity geographical origin. A total 142 tissue nasal swab samples fr...