2014 The use of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) for the study of systems under non-equilibrium conditions is illustrated by three types of experiments in the field of polymer research : 2014 the relaxation of a system from an initial non-equilibrium state towards equilibrium, 2014 the cyclic or repetitive installation of a series of non-equilibrium states in a system, 2014 the steady non-...

This paper examines the conditions required to guarantee positive prices in the CAPM. Positive prices imply an upper bound on the equity premium. This upper bound depends on the degree of diversity of firms’ fundamentals, and it is independent of investors’ preferences. In economies with realistically diverse assets the only positive-price CAPM equilibrium theoretically possible is a degenerate...

A class of non-equilibrium models for compressible multi-component fluids in multi-dimensions is investigated taking into account viscosity and heat conduction. These models are subject to the choice of interfacial pressures and interfacial velocity as well as relaxation terms for velocity, pressure, temperature and chemical potentials. Sufficient conditions are derived for these quantities tha...

We consider strategic games where strategy sets are linearly ordered while the preferences of the players are described by binary relations. All restrictions imposed on the preferences are satisfied in the case of epsilon-optimization of a bounded-above utility function. A Nash equilibrium exists and can be reached from any strategy profile after a finite number of best response improvements if...

â  monetary policy rule is an approach to avoid time inconsistency problem as regarded by new classical economist to choose a time plan for policy making in order to maximize households’ well-being. the foundation of time inconsistency problem is not coincidence of expectations as an ex-ante variable, which is expected variable, with actual variable as an ex-post variable. expectations in fin...

In a novel approach to studying viscous accretion flows, viscosity has been introduced as a perturbative effect, involving a first-order correction in the α-viscosity parameter. This method reduces the problem of solving a second-order nonlinear differential equation (Navier-Stokes equation) to that of an effective first-order equation. Viscosity breaks down the invariance of the equilibrium co...

Equilibrium ‡ow in a physical network with a large number of users (e.g., transportation, communication and computer networks) need not be unique if the costs of the network elements are not the same for all users. Such di¤erences among users may arise if they are not equally a¤ected by congestion or have di¤erent intrinsic preferences. Whether or not, for all assignments of strictly increasing...

In the present article we analyze the influence of various factors, both thermodynamic and hydrodynamic, on the stability of emulsion systems. The effect of the droplet size on the droplet life-time in an emulsion cream is quantified. The comparative importance of kinetic factors such as surface and bulk diffusion fluxes, or viscous and elastic surface stresses, is investigated. The fact that t...

Aumann and Brandenburger [Econometrica 63 (1995), 1161 1180.] provide sufficient conditions on the knowledge of the players in a game for their beliefs to constitute a Nash equilibrium. They assume, among other things, mutual knowledge of rationality. By rationality of a player, it is meant that the action chosen by him maximizes his expected utility, given his beliefs. There is, however, no ne...

In this paper a thermodynamic approach is presented to the problem of convergence of evolutionary algorithms. The case of the Simulated Annealing algorithm for optimisation is considered as a simple evolution strategy with a control parameter allowing balance between the probability of obtaining an optimal or near-optimal solution and the time that the algorithm will take to reach equilibrium. ...