BACKGROUND Adverse effects of, and bacterial resistance to, macrolides used to treat Rhodococcus equi infections have prompted search for clinically effective alternative antimicrobials. Liposomal gentamicin (LG) is effective against R. equi in vitro and decreases tissue concentrations of R. equi in experimentally infected mice. Effectiveness of LG treatment of foals with R. equi pneumonia, how...

There is currently no licensed vaccine that protects foals against Rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia. Oral administration of live, virulent R. equi to neonatal foals has been demonstrated to protect against subsequent intrabronchial challenge with virulent R. equi. Electron beam (eBeam)-inactivated R. equi are structurally intact and have been demonstrated to be immunogenic when administered o...

INTRODUCTION Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen, causing rhodococcosis, a condition that can be confused with tuberculosis. Often, without identifying M. tuberculosis, physicians initiate empiric treatment for tuberculosis. R. equi and M. tuberculosis have different susceptibility to drugs. Identification of R. equi is based on a variety of phenotypic, chromatographic, and genotypic ...

Rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes severe pneumonia in foals. Evidence suggests that most foals become infected very early in life, when they have immature or ineffective innate immune responses. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of gallium against R. equi, as a potential chemoprophylactic and therapeutic agent. Rhodococcus equi was grown in media with...

BACKGROUND Bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Streptococcus equi in nasopharyngeal washes (NPW) and guttural pouch lavage (GPL) samples have low sensitivity. In human diagnostics, processing of samples with flocked swabs has improved recovery rates of bacterial agents because of improved surface area and elution factors. HYPOTHESIS For S. equi su...

Improved understanding of the epidemiology of Streptococcus equi transmission requires sensitive and portable subtyping methods that can rationally discriminate between strains. S. equi is highly homogeneous and cannot be distinguished by multilocus enzyme electrophoretic or multilocus sequence-typing methods that utilize housekeeping genes. However, on sequence analysis of the N-terminal regio...

In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization.

1. Popescu GA, Fuerea R, Benea E. Meningitis due to an unusual human pathogen: Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. South Med J. 2006;99:190–1. 2. Korman TM, Boers A, Gooding TM, Curtis N, Visvanathan K. Fatal case of toxic shock-like syndrome due to group C Streptococcus associated with superantigen exotoxin. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:2866–9. 3. Fernandez E, Blume V, Garrido P, Collins MD, Mate...

We study the nonlinear embeddability of Banach spaces and equi-embeddability family Kalton’s interlaced graphs [Formula: see text] into dual spaces. Notably, we define a modification property that call (with text]). show if equi-coarse Lipschitzly embeds text], then Szlenk index is greater than this optimal, i.e. there exists separable space contains equi-Lipschitzly so has text]. prove does no...