THE POTENTIAL USE of antibody for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in human cancer may well depend upon the ability to synthesize large quantities of monospecific "anti-tumour" immunoglobulin in vitro. In this respect, the hybridoma technology has produced murine monoclonal antibodies directed against a number of human tumour-associated antigens (Koprowski et al., 1978; Yeh et al., 1979; ...

background: sen virus (senv) is the latest virus proposed as a cause of unknown hepatitis cases. among nine detected genotypes of the virus, genotypes d and h are more frequent in hepatitis cases of unknown origin. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of senv-d and senv-h genotypes in the sera of healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients. methods: totally, 200 serum sam...

Bonnet and co-workers (1) presented evidence on the presence of EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) sequences in breast cancer cells. We wanted to examine whether epidemiologic evidence would support the role of EBV infection in breast cancer. The tumorigenicity of EBV appears best established for Hodgkin’s disease in Europe and North America; some 40% of Hodgkin’s disease cases are attributed to EBV infec...

background:in the recent decade, the reverse genetics method has been broadly used for rescue of negative-stranded rna viruses from cdna or viral minigenomes. this technique has been applied to study different steps in virus replication and virus-host interactions. reverse genetics could also be implemented for design of new vaccines. the t7 rna polymerase activity as well as virus (nucleocapsi...

background and aims: many studies have provided evidence for the role of hepatitis b and c viruses in the development of liver cancer. although the routine treatment is available for both conditions, no definite guideline is available to treat patients dually infected with hbv and hcv. this study was performed to determine the frequency of hbv/hcv-coinfection in mashhad, north-east of iran. mat...

there is a high degree (>95%) of intraspecies similarity in the coat protein (cp) amino acid sequences within passionfruit woodiness virus (pwv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), both infecting passionfruit vine in new south wales. on this basis, a dual transgene containing the translatable cdnas coding for the cps of pwv and cmv was constructed in the binary vector pbi121 and used for transform...

background: raw sewage contains various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa. workers at wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are exposed to these organisms as well as to h2s gas causing many health hazards. objectives: to assess some work-related health effects among wwtps workers with special emphasis on the most common infections as well as cardiopulmon...

Background and Aims: Rubella virus is a human pathogen that causes congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when infection occurs during early pregnancy. Vaccination programs have been remarkably successful in controlling natural rubella infection and CRS. Moreover, ongoing surveillance for all cases of rubella and CRS is a vital component of a prevention program. Although the WHO recommends the use o...