Epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly rising, and smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer in the world. The traditional therapies for NSCLC mainly include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy etc (Liu et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2013; Ji et al., 2014; Cui et al., 2014). However, these therapeutic interventions often br...

Recent evidence indicates that high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization is an excellent predictive biomarker for response and survival benefit in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who receive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Data on EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry as a ...

OBJECTIVES The recently cloned epidermal growth factor receptor related protein (ERRP) has been proposed to be a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Because of the causal involvement of EGFR and its ligands in gastric cancer growth, we investigated expression of ERRP and cell proliferation in human gastric cancer. METHODS We examined ERRP expression and localisa...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling was analyzed in mammalian cells conditionally defective for receptor-mediated endocytosis. EGF-dependent cell proliferation was enhanced in endocytosis-defective cells. However, early EGF-dependent signaling events were not uniformly up-regulated. A subset of signal transducers required the normal endocytic trafficking of EGFR for full activatio...

Peptide growth factors (PGF’s) are potent regulators of cell growth from unicellular to complex multicellular organisms. Through a combination of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine modes of action, PGF’s control the activity of all other growth modulators including classical hormones, such as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) system, which they predate on the evolutionary scale [3]. Epid...

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor that is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. The EGFR was the first receptor to be proposed as a target for cancer therapy, and after 2 decades of intensive research, there are several anti-EGFR agents available in the clinic. Recent advances in our understanding in the mechanisms of receptor activation and...

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) show antitumor activity in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the initial tumor response is followed by recurrence. Several studies have suggested the importance of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and downstream kinases as potential targets in the treatment of NSCLC. We used the multiple-...

Immunohistochemical study for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was performed on 222 specimens of gastric carcinoma. The authors placed each carcinoma into one of the following three groups: group 1, neither EGF nor EGFR was stained (123 cases); group 2, either EGF or EGFR was stained (64 cases); and group 3, both EGF and EGFR were stained (35 cases). Com...

Imgatuzumab is a novel glycoengineered anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody optimized to induce both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and EGFR signal transduction inhibition. We investigated anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies imgatuzumab and cetuximab-induced internalization and membranous turnover of EGFR, and whether this affected imgatuzumab-mediated A...

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer today. With the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and effective targeted therapy, personalized medicine has become a reality for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we review potential additional targets and novel therapies of interest in lung adenoca...