A parallel approach to designing crystallization constructs for the c-FMS kinase domain was implemented, resulting in proteins suitable for structural studies. Sequence alignment and limited proteolysis were used to identify and eliminate unstructured and surface-exposed domains. A small library of chimeras was prepared in which the kinase insert domain of FMS was replaced with the kinase inser...

Hyaluronidase1 (HYAL1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) and has three predicted N-glycosylation sites at Asn(99), Asn(216), and Asn(350). In this report, we show the functional significance of N-glycosylation on HYAL1 functions. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that HYAL1 was N-glycosylated at the three asparagine residues. N-glycosylation of HYAL1 is important ...

Elucidating the relationship between the folding landscape of enzymes and their catalytic power has been one of the challenges of modern enzymology. The present work explores this issue by using a simplified folding model to generate the free-energy landscape of an enzyme and then to evaluate the activation barriers for the chemical step in different regions of the landscape. This approach is u...

Digestive enzymatic activity in three geographic strains (Miandiab, Kalposh and Moghan regions) of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on different sugar beet cultivars (Dorothea, Rozier, Persia and Perimer) was studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photo period of 16:8 (L:D) h photoperiod). The results of this study demonstrated that digestive...

Considering the ease of isolation and high expansion potential of pulp stem/progenitor cells isolated from wisdom and primary teeth they have been implicated as the most reliable autologous cell source in dental tissue engineering. Meanwhile, different isolation methods have remarkable impacts on the expansion potential of adult stem cells. In enzymatic digestion method extracted teeth as denta...

Agents that kill or induce suicide in the organisms that produce them or other individuals of the same genotype are intriguing puzzles for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. When those organisms are pathogenic bacteria, these suicidal toxins have the added appeal as candidates for the development of narrow spectrum antibiotics to kill the pathogens that produce them.We show that when clini...

Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes responsible for the incorporation of D-Ala into the cell wall of Lactococcus lactis affect autolysis. An L. lactis alanine racemase (alr) mutant is strictly dependent on an external supply of D-Ala to be able to synthesize peptidoglycan and to incorporate D-Ala in the lipoteichoic acids (LTA). The mutant lyses rapidly when D-Ala is removed at mid-exponent...

This research was carried out to study the effect of ageing on antioxidant and biochemical changes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. The experiment laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran in 2015. The seeds of wheat (cv Sardari) were harvested at maturity and ageing treatments were done at 43° C wit...

The 19th century witnessed many advances in scientific enzymology and microbiology that laid the foundations for modern biotechnological industries. In the current study, we analyze the content of original lager beer samples from the 1880s, 1890s and 1900s with emphasis on the carbohydrate content and composition. The historic samples include the oldest samples brewed with pure Saccharomyces ca...

A growing amount of evidence over the last two decades points to the fact that many enzymes exhibit fluctuations in their catalytic activity, which are associated with conformational changes on a broad range of timescales. The experimental study of this phenomenon, termed dynamic disorder, has become possible thanks to advances in single-molecule enzymology measurement techniques, through which...