1.0 Introduction The central theme of this conference is most appropriate, for today there is so much talk about adverse effects of the environment on health. Indeed one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY and the target set for the year 2015 is to reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic...

Dams provide water supply, flood protection, and hydropower generation benefits, but also harm native species by altering the natural flow regime and degrading aquatic and riparian habitat. Restoring some rivers reaches to free-flowing conditions may restore substantial environmental benefits, but at some economic cost. This study uses a systems analysis approach to preliminarily evaluate remov...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for n...

The objective of this research is to control the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in surface water to 11.3 mg l (EU standards) and determine the exact nitrogen amount that has to be applied to achieve this limitation and calculate the corresponding plant uptake. The method used in this study is a combination between DRAINMOD-N model and Environmental Management for Agriculture (EMA), applying the...

This paper evaluates evidence that fish stocks in Africa's inland waters are climate-driven and cannot be stabilized by conventional fisheries management measures. We draw on published material and our own recent and on-going research in Lake Chad and the East African Great Lakes area to propose that fisherfolk's livelihood strategies are well adapted to both seasonal and inter-annual climate-i...

Understanding how risks to human health change as a result of seasonal variations in environmental conditions is likely to become of increasing importance in the context of climatic change, especially in lower-income countries. A multi-disciplinary approach can be a useful tool for improving understanding, particularly in situations where existing data resources are limited but the environmenta...

Biocide contamination of receiving waters is generally linked with agriculture. However, recent studies have shown that urban contributions should be also considered [1,2]. One of the suspected biocide sources in the urban environment is building paint. Biocides like diuron, irgarol, terbutryn, carbendazim, etc., are conventionally used in paint to control fungi, algae, bacteria and other micro...

Environmental management is becoming increasingly dependent on quantitative analysis of environmental and health risks associated with exposure to chemical contaminants. Exposure to chemical pollutants can occur via primary pathways (e.g., inhalation of polluted air or drinking contaminated water) and/or secondary pathways (e.g., ingestion of contaminated food) and therefore requires informatio...

The data, based on 26,686 subjects who responded to follow-up interviews, were collected in an epidemiological research program of the US EPA from beaches in three areas: (1) New York City, New York, in 1972, 1973 and 1974, 15,882 respondents; (2) Lake Pontchartrain, New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1977 and 1978, 6,751 respondents; and (3) Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, in 1978, 4,053 respondents. Wa...