This lab uses freshwater sponges as model organisms to examine the biological effects of water pollution. Specifically, the focus of this laboratory module is on the effects that chemicals of environmental concern (e.g., endocrine disrupters) have on sponge growth and development. Contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a serious issue in environmental science. Identifying which chemicals we sho...

Farmland environmental deterioration is the main reason which results in the agricultural product quality problems, so it is necessary to build a geospatial information system for farmland environmental monitoring and management. The rapid development of portable farmland environmental surveying or sampling devices and sensor network have made this possible. In this paper, we describe the desig...

Genetic studies of South Asia's population history have led to postulations of a significant and early population expansion in the subcontinent, dating to sometime in the Late Pleistocene. We evaluate this argument, based on new mtDNA analyses, and find evidence for significant demographic transition in the subcontinent, dating to 35-28 ka. We then examine the paleoenvironmental and, particular...

Water distribution networks comprised of underground reinforced concrete pipes deteriorate with time due to environmental conditions, such as chloride-induced corrosion and differential soil movements [1]. If the pipes in these networks are not periodically replaced, they will eventually fail. Strategies for replacement for these pipes depend on 1) the risks associated with failure of a water d...

Most theoretical work on the evolution of senescence has assumed that all individuals within a population are equally susceptible to extrinsic sources of mortality. An influential qualitative prediction based on this assumption is Williams's hypothesis, which states that more rapid senescence is expected to evolve when the magnitude of such extrinsic mortality sources is increased. Much evidenc...

Bird dropping in terminology of stone deterioration pattern is a sub branch of deposit decay, means accumulation of exogenic materials, on stone surface, dropping has a main role in deterioration of buildings and stone monuments. Birds not only to build the nests and noisy cause to bother, but also due to transfer of variety disease into human, especially when it drops any place and then this d...

aims: intellectual disability is a condition characterised by the inability of a person to undertake normal psychological activities. the purpose of this study was to systematically review the intellectual disability in children and discuss the implications of different environmental and genetic factors, which describe particular categories of intellectual disable cases. information & methods: ...

Bird dropping in terminology of stone deterioration pattern is a sub branch of deposit decay, means accumulation of exogenic materials, on stone surface, dropping has a main role in deterioration of buildings and stone monuments. Birds not only to build the nests and noisy cause to bother, but also due to transfer of variety disease into human, especially when it drops any place and then this d...