In the early stages of a large-scale housing project, many interior design alternatives remain to be confirmed after a rough review of the costs. The project participants move on to the later stages of budgeting and construction without the exact information on the interior costs, and several occasions may arise when costs increase or time delays occur, driven by interior design specification c...

Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), are a fast-growing urban pest of significant public health importance in the United States and many other countries. Yet, there is very little field research on the ecology of this pest due to its near absence in the United States and most developed nations for several decades. We investigated characteristics of the bed bug infestation and ...

The Florida Department of Health conducted an investigation to address reported difficulties in mitigating some units of a large apartment complex in Florida. The complex houses over 300 one and two bedroom apartments in over 40 three-story concrete structure buildings. Initial mitigation work successfully mitigated many of the first floor units to levels below 3.5 pCV1 using Active Soil Depres...

When a nonprofit organization with nursing-home and assisted-living experience purchased a 30-year-old highrise apartment building in downtown Portland, Oregon, the new owners were faced with how to manage a building that provided housing to more than 200 older residents whom they knew very little about. As long-term care providers, they knew that older people were at risk for developing chroni...

introductionmountainous region of tuchal, with a height about 3962 meters above sea level, is located in north of tehran,capital of iran. with regards to population growth, and increasing urbanization, and air pollution issues, it isknown as one of the most important recreational area for health recovery and relaxation among people living intehran. as these spaces are known as public goods with...

Occupants’ interaction with the building envelope systems may provide a comfortable indoor environment and lead to a better energy performance of the building. Through questionnaire survey, this study investigates occupant’s pattern of use of windows, shading and air conditioning in Greek residences (mostly apartments) during summer. Results suggest that Greek occupants significantly interact w...

This paper is inspired by a wayfinding study by Hölscher et al. (2005), who find serious wayfinding difficulties in a complex multi-level building and identify architectural properties related to the difficulties. The present study re-analyzes the qualitative results in terms of Space Syntax measures and thus ties them down to formal properties of the architectural structure. The analysis caref...