The article investigates an overlooked development in the history of English modals, namely regularization their plural inflection Middle (e.g. prs.ind.pl shulleþ for expected shullen ). Using LAEME and eLALME atlases a number electronic corpora, I document frequency dialectal distribution such regularized modal verbs. It is shown that shall was fairly common Late English, can less so, may only...

In requirements specification, software engineers create a textual description of the envisioned system as well as develop conceptual models using such tools as Universal Modeling Language (UML) and System Modeling Language (SysML). One such tool, called FM, has recently been developed as an extension of the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT (IPO) model. IPO has been used extensively in many interdisciplina...

Crosslinguistic variation in vocabulary composition is usually attributed to differences in the structural properties of languages and correlated differences in the frequency and salience of different word classes in the input. Here we explore whether another property of the input, the extralinguistic contexts of word use, can account for the similarities and differences in the early vocabulari...

Attitude verbs fall in different categories depending on the kind of complements which they can embed. In English, a verb like know takes both declarative and interrogative complements. By contrast, believe takes only declarative complements and wonder takes only interrogative complements. The present paper examines the hypothesis, originally put forward by Hintikka 1975, that the only verbs th...

Abstract This paper investigates the production of Persian–English bilingual compound verbs (BCVs) type [VERB+VERB]. In this code-switched structure, a lexical verb from donor language English is combined with light native Persian. We tested hypothesis that in BCVs occupy nominal slots monolingual Persian complex predicates [NOMINAL+VERB]. Two methodologies were used. A conversational-corpus an...

This study examined the role of the native language (L1) transfer in a non-native language (L2) acquisition of the there-insertion construction at the syntax-semantics interface. Specifically, the study investigated if Mandarin EFL learners would make overgeneralization errors in the situation where an L1 argument structure constitutes a superset of its L2 counterpart. Verbs of existence and ap...

The paper presents findings of an experiment the participants of which were native Czech speakers (L1 ) possessed of perfect knowledge of English (L2). We assumed that the subjects could process differently each of the three types of English and Czech sentences; the first type represented correct sentences, the other two violated sentences. Violated sentences differed in the precise relationshi...