The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of personal and impersonal metadiscourse (MD) by Persian- and English-speaking writers in academic writing. For this purpose, 80 abstracts were selected (40 written by Persian-speaking writers and 40 by English-speaking ones) and analyzed. These abstracts were selected from endocrinology and metabolism journals published during 2010 to...

The aim of this study was to examine Iranian EFL university students’ level of anxiety and their perceptions towards in-class activities during speaking courses and possible causes of apprehension. Moreover, this study investigated whether or not EFL university students’ gender differences affect their perceptions of foreign language speaking anxiety. To this end, data were collecte...

Being able to speak or communicate orally is an ultimate goal for most English language learners. Thus, teaching speaking a main component of the curriculum in communicative-based classrooms. However, teachers struggle teach Two reasons contribute this struggle: insufficient time practice classrooms and students’ unwillingness due anxiety. Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (ACMC) may...

English is the language of communication used throughout world, ability to speak main priority many languages studied by students today. One factors that prevent from speaking anxiety. This study aims determine level students' anxiety in learning English, academic achievement and relationship between with process their process. The method this qualitative a descriptive approach. was conducted 4...

Abstract This study aims to investigate the level of students' anxiety and determine teacher's strategies for reducing levels. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) semi-structured interviews were used levels teachers' anxiety. The result showed that students’ was at middle level, with a mean score 108.61. Therefore, teachers should employ various strategies, namely establishing secu...

This research aimed to describe the students’ difficulties encountered by eleventh-grade students of State Senior High School 04 Muko-Muko in English Speaking Lesson and factors causing at eleventh grade Muko-Muko. used mix method design. The subject this was sample 31 for questionnaires 10 interview. instruments were questionnaire adapted from Rahayu (2020) researcher analyzed data finding per...

A large percentage of the population has a severe anxiety when it comes to public speaking. However, the current research shows that there are ways both instructor factors and classroom factors can be altered to make an individual less anxious about public speaking scenarios. This study seeks to understand the effects of classroom community and instructor nonverbal immediacy on public speaking ...

This study aims to investigate whether students with introverted and extroverted personalities have significantly different levels of anxiety or not. involved 59 the English Education Study Program at one state universities in North Sumatra. Samples were taken randomly from five classes sixth semester who took Public Speaking course. Semi-structured technique was used data collection. The proce...

BACKGROUND It would be useful to have psychometrically-sound measures of dental fear for Hispanics, who comprise the largest ethnic minority in the United States. We report on the psychometric properties of Spanish-language versions of two common adult measures of dental fear (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, MDAS; Dental Fear Survey, DFS), as well as a measure of fear of dental injections (Needl...

over the last few years, role of computers has become a controversial issue in language learning. this study was designed to examine the impact of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy on the speaking section of the toefl ibt test taken by intermediate efl learners. the researchers intended to find out, which var- iable i.e. computer anxiety and/or self-efficacy would result in better per...