Aquatic vertebrates display a variety of control surfaces that are used for propulsion, stabilization, trim and maneuvering. Control surfaces include paired and median fins in fishes, and flippers and flukes in secondarily aquatic tetrapods. These structures initially evolved from embryonic fin folds in fishes and have been modified into complex control surfaces in derived aquatic tetrapods. Co...

Compliance mismatch is a significant challenge to long-term patency in small-diameter bypass grafts because it causes intimal hyperplasia and ultimately graft occlusion. Current engineered grafts are typically stiff with high burst pressure but low compliance and low elastin expression. We postulated that engineering small arteries on elastomeric scaffolds under dynamic mechanical stimulation w...

For regenerative medicine, clarification of in vivo migration of transplanted cells is an important task to secure the safety of transplanted tissue. We had prepared tissue-engineered cartilage consisting of cultured chondrocytes with collagen hydrogel and a biodegradable porous polymer, and we clinically applied it for treatment of craniofacial anomaly. To verify the safety of this tissue-engi...

In this paper, Wavelet Collocation Method has been used to solve nonlinear fin problem with temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. Thermal conductivity of fin materials varies any type so that we consider thermal conductivity as the general function of temperature.  Here we consider three particular cases, where we assume that thermal conductivity is constant,...

In this work, a comparative study of two approximate analytical methods for the thermal behaviour convective-radiative porous fin subjected to magnetic field using homotopy perturbation and differential transform is presented. Also, parametric studies effects thermal-geometric thermo-physical parameters are investigated. From study, it found that an increase in field, porosity, convective, radi...

The maneuverability demonstrated by the weakly electric ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) is a result of its highly flexible ribbon-like anal fin, which extends nearly three-quarters the length of its body and is composed of approximately 150 individual fin rays. To understand how movement of the anal fin controls locomotion we examined kinematics of the whole fin, as well as selected ind...

A computational study of fish fin hydrodynamics is being conducted concurrently with experimental analysis. The presence of a complex shaped moving boundary makes this a difficult proposition for computational fluid dynamics and here we use a Cartesian grid based immersed boundary solver designed to handle such flows in all their complexity. High resolution, high speed video of fish fin movemen...

Heat exchangers are commonly used in industrial fields such as air conditioning, petrochemical and agriculture-food industries. The design and utilization of a heat exchanger should fulfill some conditions of performance, economy and space requirement. The most widely operated heat exchangers make use of fin-and-tube configuration in association with the application of heating, ventilating, air...

Ab = heat-sink-base surface area Ac = cross-sectional area of the fin Cp = specific heat of the air EI = Elenbaas number g = gravity H = fin height h = heat transfer coefficient around fin ka = thermal conductivity of the air kh = thermal conductivity of the heat sink L = fin length N = total number of fins of the heat sink P = plate-air parameter Pe = perimeter of the fin pf = fin pitch qb = h...