In this paper, several models are integrated into a thermal model to study the impact of occupants’ behaviors on the building energy consumption. An air flow model is developed to simulate ventilation related to the occupant’s patterns of window opening and closing. An electric consumption model is developed to simulate the usage pattern and the electricity input to household electric appliance...

With a projection of nearly doubling up the world population by 2050, we need wide variety of renewable and clean energy sources to meet the increased energy demand. Solar energy is considered as the leading promising alternate energy source with the pertinent challenge of off sunshine period and uneven worldwide distribution of usable sun light. Although thermoelectricity is considered as a re...

Hospitals, everywhere, are considered heavy energy consumers. Hospital Intensive Care Unit spaces pose a special challenge, where design guidelines requires the provision of external windows for daylighting and external view. Window protection strategies could be employed to reduce energy loads without detriment effect on comfort or health care. This paper addresses the effectiveness of using v...

Transmission X-ray mirrors have been fabricated from 300-400 nm-thick low-stress silicon nitride windows of size 0.6 mm x 85 mm. The windows act as a high-pass energy filter at grazing incidence in an X-ray beam for the beam transmitted through the window. The energy cut-off can be selected by adjusting the incidence angle of the transmission mirror, because the energy cut-off is a function of ...

Large vacuum vessels are often employed in High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiments to provide a volume for particle traverse in the absence of air molecules. The ends of these vessels generally have a large aperture which is closed with a thin membrane known as a vacuum window. To minimize the vacuum window mass, composites of Kevlar and Mylar have been used in window construction. Historic...

Buildings account for 40% of total global energy use and contribute towards 30% of total CO2 emissions. Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the major sources of energy consumption in buildings, and there has been extensive research focusing on efficiently control them. However, in most cases, this is achieved at the cost of sacrificing thermal, visual and/or IAQ comfort....

Introduction: Radiation therapy is one of the major modalities that have long been used in cancer treatment. Radiotherapy is often accompanied by early and late toxicity and side effects and narrow therapeutic window. Similarity in radiation absorption properties of tumors and neighboring healthy tissues is often the reason for low specificity of radiation therapy. Development ...

Purpose. (124)I has a half-life of 4.2 days, which makes it suitable for imaging over several days over its uptake and washout phases. However, it has a low positron branching ratio (23%), because of prompt gamma coincidence due to high-energy γ-photons (602 to 1,691 keV), which are emitted in cascade with positrons. Methods. In this study, we investigated the optimal PET energy window for (124...