Nowadays, developing an integrated energy system (IES) is considered as effective pattern to improve efficiency and reduce supply costs. This study proposes a new index—convertibility index (CI)—to quantitatively assess the flexibility of IES regarding conversion processes between different flow types. Based on CI constraint, planning problem modeled bi-level optimization problem. To solve prop...

The deduction from solar flare X-ray photon spectroscopic data of the energy dependent model-independent spectral index is considered as an inverse problem. Using the well developed regularization approach we analyze the energy dependency of spectral index for a high resolution energy spectrum provided by Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The regularization technique produ...

Background: Adequate nutritional status is a critical determinant of the onset and maintenance of normal reproductive function. More than 50% of women with PCOS are obese and central obesity plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS by generating an insulin- resistant state, It has been proposed that recurrent hypoglycaemia due to hyperinsulinaemia could lead to decreased post-prandial s...

the main goal of this study is to identify the determinants of the energy intensity in the iranian economy using annual data for the period 1974-2012. changes in energy intensity can be seen as related to three factors including price, income, and autonomous energy efficiency improvements (based on technical progress). moreover the role of energy quality in enhancement of total factor productiv...

This note reviews the indexes used in academic studies and official reports to quantify energy security levels. With enrichment of connotation, dimension organization such have undergone changes, as index becoming much more complex indicators considering environmental, technological, social issues. Though preferred projections than journal papers, are still not a main focus index.