The GTPase Ran is essential for nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS). Ran's nucleotide-bound state is determined by the chromatin-bound exchange factor RCC1 generating RanGTP in the nucleus and the cytoplasmic GTPase activating protein RanGAP1 depleting RanGTP from the cytoplasm. This predicts a steep RanGTP concentration gradient across the nuclear enve...

Cytochrome c heme lyase (CCHL) catalyses the covalent attachment of the heme group to apocytochrome c during its import into mitochondria. The enzyme is membrane-associated and is located within the intermembrane space. The precursor of CCHL synthesized in vitro was efficiently translocated into isolated mitochondria from Neurospora crassa. The imported CCHL, like the native protein, was correc...

Abstract: Reducing voltage to reduce energy consumption, referred to as conservation voltage reduction (CVR), can lead to energy savings. Calculating the effects of reducing voltage requires accurate load models. This paper investigates a load-voltage dependency factor that can be measured via field experiments using common existing instrumentation. A relationship between the load-voltage depen...

background: the assessment of rbe quantity in the treatment of cancer tumors with proton beams in treatment planning systems (tps) is of high significance. given the significance of the issue and the studies conducted in the literature, this quantity is fixed and is taken as equal to 1.1. objective: the main objective of this study was to assess rbe quantity of proton beams and their variations...

Though most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are agricultural-based, the region is a net importer of food and agricultural products experiences highest level insecurity globally. The government have joint goal achieving favourable balance trade security; hence this study examines causal relationship between quality governance net-import dependency on for 25 SSA during period 1995-2015. Pri...

H IV rides the tRNA train to the nucleus, according to Lyubov Zaitseva, Richard Myers, and Ariberto Fassati (University College, London, UK). For HIV to propagate inside cells, it must fi rst enter the nucleus and, using its reverse transcription complex (RTC), integrate into the host genome. Fassati and his team previously showed that a nuclear import protein called importin 7 was partly respo...

Import of DNA into mammalian nuclei is generally inefficient. Therefore, one of the current challenges in human gene therapy is the development of efficient DNA delivery systems. Here we tested whether bacterial proteins could be used to target DNA to mammalian cells. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a plant pathogen, efficiently transfers DNA as a nucleoprotein complex to plant cells. Agrobacterium-...

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has attributed the same relative risk for X and gamma radiations of all energies. Several studies have proven that the biological effect of low energy photon is more than that of higher ones. The assessment of risks is important due to the wide use of low energy X-rays for mammography screening and other diagnostic appli...

Sufficient supplies of critical raw materials (CRMs) for rapidly developing technologies, e.g., Li-ion batteries, wind turbines, photovoltaics, digitization, etc., have become one the main economic challenges EU. Due to growing import dependency and associated risk supply disruptions these from third countries, there is a need encourage their domestic production. This an important starting poin...