The objectives of this research were to investigate influences of energy inputs and energy forms on output levels and evaluation of CO2 emissions for hazelnut production in Guilan province of Iran. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was done by marginal physical productivity (MPP) method for energy inputs and energy using linear regression. Initial data were collected from 120 orchar...

This paper develops and parameterizes an overarching analytical framework to estimate the welfare effects of energy efficiency standards applied to automobiles and electricity-using durables. We also compare standards with sectoral and economywide pricing policies. The model captures a wide range of externalities and preexisting energy policies, and it allows for possible “misperceptions”—marke...

Based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) approach, this paper presents a decomposition analysis of China’s energy-related industrial CO2 emissions from 1985 to 2007, as well as a comparative analysis of differential influences of various factors on six sectors. Via the decomposition, five categories of influencing factors are included: (1) Per capita GDP (PCG) was the largest positive...

We decompose factors affecting China’s energy-related air pollutant (NOx, PM2.5, and SO2) emission changes into different effects using structural decomposition analysis (SDA). We find that, from 2005 to 2012, investment increased NOx, PM2.5, and SO2 emissions by 14.04, 7.82 and 15.59 Mt respectively, and consumption increased these emissions by 11.09, 7.98, and 12.09 Mt respectively. Export an...

This study was conducted to evaluate the causality between energy consumption, GDP growth and carbon emissions for eight Asia-Pacific countries from 1971 to 2005 using the panel data. The results indicate that there are long-run equilibrium relationships between these variables. Additionally, causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions was observed generally, but there were some opposite...

The objectives of this research were to investigate influences of energy inputs and energy forms on output levels and evaluation of CO2 emissions for hazelnut production in Guilan province of Iran. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was done by marginal physical productivity (MPP) method for energy inputs and energy using linear regression. Initial data were collected from 120 orchar...

In electricity, ‘‘downstream’’ CO2 regulation requires retail suppliers to buy energy from a mix of sources so that their weighted emissions satisfy a standard. It has been argued that such ‘‘load-based’’ regulation would solve emissions leakage, cost consumers less, and provide more incentive for energy efficiency than traditional source-based cap-and-trade programs. Because pure load-based tr...

application of appropriate agricultural operations is a strategy to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural productions process. in this study, fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions values for each farm operation was evaluated in gorgan and ali-abad katol to soybean product. all activities and production processes about operations were monitored and re...

Emissions of carbon dioxide are predicted to increase this century leading to increases in the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. While there is still much debate on the effects of increased CO2 levels on global climate, many scientists agree that the projected increases could have a profound effect on the environment. Most of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide resul...

This article modifies the conventional two-stage DEA model to construct an analytical model for energy-related efficiency with undesirable outputs. Our proposed model relaxes the constraint that the inputs of the second process must come from the first process. As a result, our proposed model is more flexible than the original model in terms of the application of energy-related efficiency measu...