Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma is a low prevalent tumour and frequently associated to bladder carcinoma. The antegrade endoscopic access represents a safe, efficient and minimally invasive access. The association to immunotherapy seems effective in decreasing recurrence. We present one patient with multiple upper tract carcinoma treated with percutaneous surgery and BCG.

Spinal anesthesia is popular for endoscopic urological surgery. Many patients undergoing urological surgery are elderly. It is important to limit the dose to reduce any resultant hemodynamic effect. We present a case in which incremental administration of 0.1 % bupivacaine up to 1.5 mg was sufficient to produce satisfactory spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

Lithiasis after urinary diversion is an uncommon condition that poses therapeutic challenges. The authors report the case of a patient submitted to cystectomy and ureterosigmoidostomy 35 years ago due to bladder endometriosis. The patient presented with a ureteral stone and was treated by retrograde endoscopic extraction.

INTRODUCTION We summarize the current guidelines, techniques, efficacy and complications associated with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients who elect to have endoscopic surgical bladder outlet reduction are faced with an abundance of evolving treatment options. As new technol...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of ureteroceles particularly for diagnostic and treatment challenges. METHODS Data about patients treated for ureterocele in the two hospital clinics during 1996- 2009 are retrospectively evaluated. FINDINGS There were 12 girls and 7 boys. Symptomatic urinary tract infection was found in twelve cases. Ureterocele was as...

The most frequently used therapy was laser endoscopic resection. 5 patients required a second operation due to recurrence and 2 more a programmed second procedure due to incomplete resection; 7 cases presented postoperative complications. 70% of the tumors were superficial. 40% of the cases underwent local chemotherapy with weekly bladder instillations of Mitomycin C for 8 weeks. Recurrence rat...

BACKGROUND Biliary decompression with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) is beneficial in patients with biliary obstruction due to common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, it is not known whether EPT with decompression of the bile duct is beneficial in patients with acute cholangitis and gall bladder stones but without evidence of CBD stones. AIM A randomised controlled study to assess the effect...

Introduction: The ureteral ostia may not be easily identified in urological endoscopic procedures, leading to an incomplete diagnosis of urinary tract diseases or a predisposition to iatrogenic lesions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anatomical distribution of ureteralostia in normal bladders and those with thickened walls. Materials and Methods: We dissected 30 vesical-prostate bl...

OBJECTIVE Over the past 20 years endoscopic treatment (ET) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has changed the algorithm of reflux management. We describe a modification of the standard subureteral injection (STING) that has contributed to the increased success rate of this procedure. METHODS Between January 2006 and December 2006 192 children, 5 months to 10 years old (mean age 2.8 years) underwe...