Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent genital tract malignancy. The first symptom (guidesymptom) is usually metrorrhagia; however, in around 10% of cases it is not. In contrast, osseous metastases are infrequent in endometrial cancer. The bones of the pelvis and lower extremities are those most frequently involved in disseminated metastatic diseases. In these cases, endometrial cancer is u...

Background: Overexpression of Cyclin D1, a positive cell cycle regulator, may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Aim: The present study was undertaken to examine the expression profile of Cyclin D1 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium and to evaluate the possibility of its role in the genesis of endometrial neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions. Settings and Design: A cross s...

Endometrial metaplasias and changes (EMCs) are conditions frequently overlooked and misdiagnosed. The aim of this review is to update current issues and provide a classification with a practical clinicopathological approach. Hormonal or irritative stimuli are the main inducing factors of EMCs, although some metaplasias have a mutational origin. EMCs vary from reactive, degenerative lesions to t...

BACKGROUND Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems and has remained one of the most frequent indications for hysterectomy in developing countries. Approximately in 40% of hysterectomy specimens, no definite organic pathology could be established. The problem is common worldwide but causes may vary from one region to another. This study may help ...

Endometriosis is a benign, estrogen-dependent disease with symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility, and it is characterized by the ectopic distribution of endometrial tissue. The expression of the ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes was compared between the endometrium of women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycle and the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women...

BACKGROUND HLA-G is a major histocompatability antigen with documented immune-regulatory function. Various epithelial cancers and tissue allografts have been noted to express HLA-G, which is postulated to aid in their escape from immunosurveillance. We evaluated peritoneal endometriosis and eutopic endometrium for the expression of HLA-G protein and gene transcript. METHODS Two experiments we...

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract while aberrant DNA methylation seems to play a critical role in endometrial carcinogenesis. Galanin's expression has been involved in many cancers. We developed a new pyrosequencing assay that quantifies DNA methylation of galanin's receptor-1 (GALR1). In this study, the preliminary results indicate that pyrosequencing...

Two polypoid submucosal uterine lesions were examined histologically and immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to desmin and alpha smooth muscle actin. One case comprised a leiomyoma and the other a polypoid form of adenomyosis. Both polyps had prolapsed through the external cervical os. The lesions had an ulcerated surface with focal areas of marked increased cellularity and pronoun...

Persistent unopposed estrogen stimulation is a central oncogenic mechanism driving the formation of type I endometrial cancer. Recent epidemiologic and clinical studies of endometrial cancer have also revealed a role for insulin resistance, clinically manifested by chronic inflammation. However, the role of inflammation in estrogen-driven endometrial cancer is not well characterized. In this st...

Introduction: Mass lesions are seen in the uterus in 15 to 20% of women in the reproductive age group. Transabdominal(TAS) ultrasound(USG) is the screening imaging modality of choice. Definitive characterisation of the site, location, endometrial distorsion and number of lesions are important to decide on the treatment Aims and objectives: We compared the sensitivity and specificity of Magnetic...