in induction of systemic and mucosal immunity, particulate antigens are more effective than soluble antigens possibly because they are more efficiently endocytosed by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) m cells. in this study, we determined the systemic and mucosal immune responses in rabbits following intranasal immunization of tetanus toxoid tt and cpg-odn encapsulated within plga nanos...

the use of essential oils as the preservative agents in food industry faces the problem of interactions with food matrix components, low solubility in aqueous phase, high volatile character and sensitivity to environmental conditions. the aim of this study was to enhance thermal stability and antioxidant activity of thyme essential oil (to) by encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles (cs-np). to...

Horseradish peroxidase was encapsulated in calcium alginate for the purpose of phenol removal. Upon immobilization, pH profile of enzyme activity changes as it shows higher value at basic and acidic solution. Investigation into time course of phenol removal for both encapsulated and free enzyme showed that encapsulated enzyme had nearly similar efficiency in comparison with the same concentrati...

Research over the past few decades has attempted to answer how proteins behave in molecularly confined or crowded environments when compared to dilute buffer solutions. This information is vital to understanding in vivo protein behavior, as the average spacing between macromolecules in the cell cytosol is much smaller than the size of the macromolecules themselves. In our study, we attempt to a...

This paper reviews some of the more interesting and recent phenomena associated with the metal ion cage chemistry involving hexaazamacropolycycles. Synthetic aspects are addressed in relation to making cages with smaller and larger hole sizes in order to modulate redox potentials and electron transfer rates. The introduction of substituents is also examined in relation to these factors along wi...

OBJECTIVE Although the exact reason is not known, encapsulated gram-negative Porphyromonas gingivalis strains are more virulent than non-encapsulated strains. Since difference in virulence properties may be due to difference in cytokine production following recognition of the bacteria or their products by the host inflammatory cells, we compared cytokine production following stimulation with ba...

Natural or synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands trigger innate responses by interacting with distinct TLRs. TLR ligands can thus serve as vaccine adjuvants or stand-alone antimicrobial agents. One of the limitations of TLR ligands for clinical application is their short half-life and rapid clearance from the body. In the current study, encapsulation of selected TLR ligands in biodegradabl...

Doxorubicin-loaded, glutaraldehyde-treated murine erythrocytes, once reinjected into circulation, are rapidly taken up by liver and lungs and behave as an organ-targeted, slow delivery system for the encapsulated drug. The antitumor activity of encapsulated doxorubicin (former generic name, adriamycin) was compared with that of the free drug in a murine hepatic and pulmonary tumor model. This w...

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) constitute a promising class of cancer therapeutics which exploit validated genetic pathways known to be deregulated in many cancers. To overcome an immune response and to enhance its potential use to treat primary and metastatic tumors, a method for liposomal encapsulation of adenovirus has been developed. The encapsulation of adenovirus in non-toxic anionic lecithin-ch...

We reported two forms (sphere and wire) of newly fabricated chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and investigated their releasing capacities and anti-biofilm efficiencies. The interactions of the blank MSNs with planktonic oral microorganisms were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The anti-biofilm effects of the two forms of nanoparticle-enca...