the gravitational search algorithm (gsa) is a novel optimization methodbased on the law of gravity and mass interactions. it has good ability to search forthe global optimum, but its searching speed is really slow in the last iterations. sothe hybridization of particle swarm optimization (pso) and gsa can resolve theaforementioned problem. in this paper, a modified pso, which the movement ofpar...

Engineering quantum particle systems, such as quantum simulators and quantum cellular automata, relies on full coherent control of quantum paths at the single particle level. Here we present an atom interferometer operating with single trapped atoms, where single particle wave packets are controlled through spin-dependent potentials. The interferometer is constructed from a sequence of discrete...

We present results from numerical solution of the Einstein field equations describing the head-on collision of two solitons boosted to ultrarelativistic energies. We show, for the first time, that at sufficiently high energies the collision leads to black hole formation, consistent with hoop-conjecture arguments. This implies that the nonlinear gravitational interaction between the kinetic ener...

We present an extension of the field theory onto the case in which the topology of space can vary. We show that the nontrivial topology of space displays itself in a multivalued nature of all observable fields and the number of fields becomes an additional degree of freedom. In the limit in which topology changes are suppressed, the number of fields is conserved and the Modified Field Theory (M...

The gravitational force is assumed to be mediated by spin 2 gravitons which are composed of four spin 1/2 (sub-) fermions. The dynamics is governed by a nonlinear spinorfield equation with nonperturbative Pauli-Villars regularization and canonical quantization. On the quantum level the fermion dynamics is expressed by a functional equation for algebraic state functionals, and the "graviton" (fu...

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An introduction to the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is given. The motivation for “low-energy” supersymmetry is reviewed, and the structure of the MSSM is outlined. In its most general form, the MSSM can be viewed as a low-energy effective theory parametrized by a set of arbitrary soft-supersymmetry-breaking parameters. A variety of techniques for reducing the parameter freedom o...