Introduction: Knowledge of the internal anatomy of the tooth, apical foramen (AF) and mental foramen (MF) is considered a basic prerequisite before root canal surgical and non-surgical treatments. The aim this study is evaluation the distance and situation of AF & MF to anatomic apex of mandibular  premolar. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of mandibular p...

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of detecting root canal constrictions by using an apex locator. Seventy impenetrable canals in extracted human teeth were used. Based on contact microradiographic findings, they were divided into three groups: group A (constricted within 3 mm of the radiographic apex, 23 canals), group B (nonconstricted within 3 mm of the radiographic ape...

Objective: The objective of this ex-vivo study is to compare the mean working length (in terms accurate length) with different intra-canal irrigant solutions in extracted teeth. Materials and Method: This experimental was conducted Operative dentistry department at Rehman College Dentistry Peshawar, from January 2019 June 2019. Sample size calculated using WHO sample calculator V.2.0 (1.1) 95 %...

Root canal impedance measurement was carried out in vivo on a series of patients and in vitro on a model (tooth dipped into a saline solution). Impedance was measured for several file tip displacements from apical foramen in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Comparison between in vivo and in vitro results was performed for the measured value of impedance and for the components (Rp, Cp) ...

INTRODUCTION This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with two canals in their distobuccal roots. A 32-year-old female had an emergency treatment because of the pain in tooth #16. On the second visit after accessing the pulp chamber and detecting three major canals (MB, DB, and P) and exploring the 4th canal (MB2), we noted that there was a 5(...

This case report describes the endodontic therapy on a three-rooted mandibular first molar. The initial endodontic treatment was carried out after misreading preoperative periapical radiograph. Moreover, the working length was determined only with the apex locator. So, the additional disto-lingual root left unidentified and remained untreated, failing the treatment. A thorough radiographic exam...