Abstract Casing parts are regarded as key components of aero-engines. Most casing attached to convex structures different shapes, whose heights range from hundreds microns tens millimeters. Using profiling blocky electrodes for electrochemical machining (ECM) is a commonly adopted method, especially when highly structures. However, with an increase in the structure height, flow fields areas bec...

The electrochemical migration (ECM) behavior of copper-clad laminate (PCB-Cu) and electroless nickel/immersion gold printed circuit boards (PCB-ENIG) under thin electrolyte layers of different thicknesses containing 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ was studied. Results showed that, under the bias voltage of 12 V, the reverse migration of ions occurred. For PCB-Cu, both copper dendrites and sulfate precipitates wer...

Nontraditional manufacturing (NTM) involves nontraditional transport phenomena and often nontraditional media. Thermally based energy transfer is the main material removal mechanism for several nontraditional machining processes including electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser machining (LM). Thermal phenomena are also central in processes such as laser forming and direct metal depositi...

Electrochemical migration (ECM) forming dendritic short circuits is a major reliability limiting factor in microcircuits. Gold, which noble metal, has been regarded as metallization that can withstand corrosion and also ECM, therefore its application high-reliability surface finishing systems became widespread although it relatively high fluctuating price. Gold electrochemical have found only t...