Whether spray or immersion fixation results in higher adequacy rates for thyroid fine-needle aspiration is not known. I compared 1-year adequacy rates, number of cells, and atypia rates for immersion fixation with split spray fixation and immersion. Adequacy rates increased from 71.9% (289/402) for complete immersion to 78.1% (332/425) with spray fixation of half of the slides (P = .02). The sp...

Spray drying is a commonly used method of drying a liquid feed through a hot gas. This study aims to obtain the empirical model of the spray drying process of full cream milk using a nozzle atomizer spray dryer, Lab-Plant SD 05 Laboratory Scale Spray Dryer. Inlet air temperature was chosen as the manipulated variable and outlet air temperature was the controlled variable. No disturbance was con...

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture for the management of pests (weeds, insects or pathogens). They are generally applied as a spray to cover the target (e.g. an insect, leaf surfaces or part of a plant) with pesticide-laden droplets. Spray may, however, be lost to nontarget areas within a crop through deposition on to the soil or on non-target plant surfaces. The plant architecture of th...

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is prepared by a low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method in air atmosphere, and it is used as an anode buffer layer (ABL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). The properties of the WO₃ transition metal oxide material as well as the mechanism of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processes are investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic spray pyrolysized WO₃ ABL exhibits...

In this study a new soluble solid curcumin nanoemulsion powder was prepared using spray-drying technology to improve the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. The liquid nanoemulsion consisted of curcumin, Capryol 90, Transcutol P, and Cremophor RH40. The solid nanoemulsion was prepared by spray-drying the liquid nanoemulsion in laboratory spray dryer, using lactose as solid carrier. The ...

Hand-held spray guns and lances are the most widely used methods of crop protection in greenhouses despite the heavy workload and high risk of operator exposure associated with these techniques (Foqué 2012). These spray application techniques have also proved to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions while the advantages of using vertical boom sprayers compared with u...

Background and study aims It is important to examine the pharynx during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pharyngeal anesthesia using topical lidocaine is generally used as pretreatment. In Japan, lidocaine viscous solution is the anesthetic of choice, but lidocaine spray is applied when the former is considered insufficient. However, the relationship between the extent of pharyngeal anesthesia...

Numerous drift reduction adjuvants and spray deposition aids are available to applicators of crop production and protection chemicals. Performance of many of the newly introduced drift control adjuvants has not been well documented for aerial application. Since there are no product labeling or efficacy regulations for these adjuvants, applicators must rely on experience or information in the te...

CONTEXT Chronic pain in patients with advanced cancer poses a serious clinical challenge. The Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray (U.S. Adopted Name, nabiximols; Sativex(®)) is a novel cannabinoid formulation currently undergoing investigation as an adjuvant therapy for this treatment group. OBJECTIVES This follow-up study investigated the long-term safety and tol...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of maintenance spray on resin bonding to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crown of extracted, caries-free human molars was transversally sectioned with a model trimmer to prepare the dentin surfaces from mid-coronal sound dentin, and then uniformly abraded with #600 silicon carbide paper. The dentin surfaces were randomly divided into three groups: oil-...