Calculations of weak-interaction transition rates and of nuclear formation enthalpies show that in isolated neutron stars, the solid phase, above the neutron-drip threshold, is amorphous and heterogeneous in nuclear charge. The neutrino emissivities obtained are very dependent on the effects of proton shell structure but may be several orders of magnitude larger than the electron bremsstrahlung...

Silver vanadate glasses show electrical conductivity higher than 10 S cm, caused by the electron hopping from V to V together with an ionic conduction due to Ag. Lithium vanadate glasses show electrical conductivity of the order of 10 S cm which is primarily due to an electron hopping from V to V. Fraction of the Ag or Li conduction and that of electron hopping from V to V can be estimated by m...

Connected through single crystalline junctions, low dimensional materials such as nanowires and nanorods form complex nanostructures. These new materials exhibit mechanical strengths and electrical conductivities superior to their constituents while maintaining comparable surface areas, an attribute ideal for energetic applications. More efficient solar cells, higher capacity batteries and bett...

The emergence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has stimulated considerable interest in investigating their physical and mechanical properties toward the development of potential technological applications. It has been confirmed theoretically and experimentally that nanotubes possess remarkably high stiffness and strength. Carbon nanotubes also have exceptionally high electrical and thermal conductivi...

Upper mantle electrical conductivities can be explained by hydrogen diffusivity in hydrous olivine. Diffusivity enhances the conductivity of olivine anisotropically, making the a axis the most conductive of the three axes. Therefore, the hypothesis that plate motion induces lattice-preferred orientation of olivine can be tested with the use of long-period electromagnetic array measurements. Her...

The task of the image reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is highly ill-posed inverse problem. The level set method with the gradient technique is established model for our numerical problem. Interfaces between subdomains with constant conductivities are represented by the level set function. Moreover, only one function is needed to represent any numbers of phases. The itera...

Two types of Aluminum nitride (AlN) based ceramic nanocomposite with multifunctionality were investigated to improve machinability or electrical conductivity of AlN ceramics with high thermal conductivity. The AlN/BN nanocomposite was fabricated by pressureless sintering AlN-BN composite powder, which was prepared by reducing and heating AlN particles coated with a mixture of boric acid, urea a...

The Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is a new medical imaging method combining electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and current injection MRI technique. In this paper, we show the uniqueness in MREIT problem with an orthotropic conductivity under the hypothesis that the ratios of conductivities are known. Based on an effective numerical differentiation method and an a...

We study both the spin and electrical conductivities in models of relevance to the high Tc cuprates. These models describe metallic states with or without spin-charge separation. We demonstrate that, given a linear in temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, the spin resistivity should also be linear in temperature in the absence of spin-charge separation and under conditions appro...