Recent molecular dynamic simulations and electrostatic calculations suggested that the external TEA binding site in K+ channels is outside the membrane electric field. However, it has been known for some time that external TEA block of Shaker K+ channels is voltage dependent. To reconcile these two results, we reexamined the voltage dependence of block of Shaker K+ channels by external TEA. We ...

The variations of the electrical conductivity with temperature and electric field of the ternary alloy of gallium, aluminium and arsenic (Al0.75Ga0.25As) with atomic compositions of 99/1 and 98/2 have been investigated. The electrical conductivity of the alloy increases with temperature according to the relation, ? = ?0 exp (??/kT). The activation energy calculated from this empirical relation ...

In subsonic tokamak pedestals the radial scale of plasma profiles can be comparable to the ion poloidal Larmor radius, thereby making the radial electrostatic field so strong that the E × B drift has to be retained in the ion kinetic equation in the same order as the parallel streaming. The modifications of neoclassical plateau regime transport – such as the ion heat flux, and the poloidal ion ...

The exciton binding energy (E(b)) and the band gap energy (E(g)) of poly(phenylene vinylene) are determined by high-resolution measurements of the photoconductivity excitation profile as a function of light polarization, applied electric field, and temperature. At high applied electric fields, a peak in the photoconductivity is observed when the sample is pumped at a photon energy just below th...

Differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope is applied to the study of a charged antiphase domain boundary in doped bismuth ferrite. A clear differential signal is seen, which matches the expected direction of the electric field at the boundary. However, further study by scanned diffraction reveals that there is no measurable deflection of the prim...

The surface roughness and material removal is investigated in electrorheological (ER) fluid-assisted polishing of tungsten carbide die. In this study, the microstructure of fibrous columns formed by particles perpendicular to the electrodes is observed by CCD when the electrical field is applied. The distribution of the electric field strength on the surface of workpiece was analyzed by ANSYS a...

Investigation of behavior of fast electrons in toroidal discharges was performed. The kinetic equation, describing evolution of fast particle distribution was derived and analyzed. Semi analytical solution of the kinetic equation was obtained into suprathermal energy region. External electric field, anomalous transport, nonuniformity of mean magnetic field and collisions was shown to be an impo...

We argue that the experimental determination of the flexoelectric coefficients and the surface polarization of the p-pentyl-cyanobiphenil liquid crystal, recently reported by Mazzulla et al. [Phys. Rev. E 64, 021708 (2001)] is questionable. This conclusion follows from the hypothesis performed by the authors to extract the flexoelectric coefficients and the surface polarization from the reflect...