The field-effect mobility ~FEM! in polythiophene ~PT! polymer field-effect transistors ~PFETs! increases with reduced channel lengths during high driving forces across the source and drain, which is contradictory to the decrease in mobility caused by short-channel effects in amorphous Si thin-film transistors. The longitudinal electric-field ~across source and drain! dependence of the FE mobili...

Bioethanol has been used as an alternative energy source for transportation vehicles to reduce the use of fossil fuels. The separation of water-ethanol solutions from fermentation processes is still an important issue in the production of anhydrous ethanol. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of axial electric fields on the separation of water-ethanol solutions with ...

Electric fields at interfaces exhibit useful phenomena, such as switching functions in transistors, through electron accumulations and/or electric dipole inductions. We find one potentially unique situation in a metal-dielectric interface in which the electric field is atomically inhomogeneous because of the strong electrostatic screening effect in metals. Such electric fields enable us to acce...

We propose to investigate new methods of particle acceleration using a shortpulse C02 laser as the power source and grating-like structures as accelerator "cavities"[1]. Phase I of this program is intended to demonstrate the principle of the method. We will focus the laser light to a 3 mm line on the surface of the microstructure. The structure is used to transform the electric field pattern of...

BACKGROUND Gene electrotransfer is a non-viral method used to transfer genes into living cells by means of high-voltage electric pulses. An exposure of a cell to an adequate amplitude and duration of electric pulses leads to a temporary increase of cell membrane permeability. This phenomenon, termed electroporation or electropermeabilization, allows various otherwise non-permeant molecules, inc...

Sandstorm has an effect on the electric field characteristics of outdoor insulator, and may result in flashover. The analysis of the electric field characteristic of insulator under sandstorm condition is very important. The electrostatic field finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electric field distribution along long rod insulator under sandstorm condition with FEM software. T...

We consider the quantum Hall effect of two-dimensional electrons with a periodic potential and study the time dependence of the Hall and longitudinal currents when the electric field is applied abruptly. We find that the currents oscillate in time with very large frequencies because of quantum fluctuation and the oscillations eventually vanish, for their amplitudes decay as 1/t.

The electrocaloric effect (ECE) is the change in temperature and/or entropy of a dielectric material due to the electric field induced change of dipolar states. Electrocaloric effect in dielectrics is directly related to the polarization changes under electric field.[1-3,6] Hence a large polarization change is highly desirable in order to achieve a large ECE which renders the ferroelectric mate...