Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are favored in hybrid-electric vehicles and electric vehicles for their outstanding power characteristics. In this paper the energy loss due to electrical contact resistance (ECR) at the interface of electrodes and currentcollector bars in Li-ion battery assemblies is investigated for the first time. ECR is a direct result of contact surface imperfections and acts...

A single series resonant converter has been designed to balance the voltage level of a storage battery for electric vehicles. The proposed design has been simulated and verified by using two 100F supercapacitors instate of the conventional rechargeable battery. A voltage monitoring circuit detects the voltage condition of the individual capacitor and sends the voltage status to the control circ...

Estimating the remaining energy in high-capacity electric vehicle batteries is essential to safe and efficient operation. Accurate estimation remains a major challenge, however, because battery state cannot be observed directly. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for estimating battery remaining energy using real data collected from the Charge Car electric vehicle. This new method relies on...

In order to meet cost targets for hybrid electric (HEV), Plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), and allelectric vehicles (EV), an improvement in the battery life cycle and safety is essential. One practical approach to improve performance is to use power electronics intensive cell equalizer, in conjunction with on-board energy storage devices. A new technique based on buck-boost topology to equalize a...

The lithium-ion battery is a viable power source for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and, more recently, electric vehicles (EVs). Its performance, especially in terms of state of charge (SOC), plays a significant role in the energy management of these vehicles. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used to estimate online SOC as an efficient estimation algorithm. However, conventional EKF ...

Electrochemical energy storage systems are categorized into different types, according to their mechanisms, including capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. All battery systems include some main components: anode, cathode, an aqueous/non-aqueous electrolyte and a membrane that separates anode and cathode while being permeable to ions. Being one of the key parts of any new electr...

This chapter presents a method of determining electromotive force (EMF) and battery internal resistance as time functions, which are depicted as functions of state of charge (SOC). The model is based on battery discharge and charge characteristics under different constant currents that are tested by a laboratory experiment. Further the method of determining the battery SOC according to the batt...

Specific environmental stresses may lead to induced genomic instability in bacteria, generating beneficial mutants and potentially accelerating the breeding of industrial microorganisms. The environmental stresses inside the aqueous battery may be derived from such conditions as ion shuttle, pH gradient, free radical reaction and electric field. In most industrial and medical applications, elec...