It is shown that at least four massive neutrinos are needed in order to accommodate the evidences in favor of neutrino oscillations found in solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments and in the LSND experiment. Among all four-neutrino schemes, only two are compatible with the results of all neutrino oscillation experiments. These two schemes have a mass spectrum composed of two pairs of neutri...

The scope of this study is to question the fact that in some countries in Latin America (Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and the Dominican Republic) abortion is still forbidden in all situations. Even after all the debate on this thorny issue, the theory of human rights is not often used in the defense of abortion. This is clearly related to the pervasive, albeit unspoken belief that, d...

We used time-series analysis and linear regression to investigate the relationship between the annual Niño-3 index from 1980 to 1998 and the annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the State of Bahia, Brazil, during 1985-1999. An increase in VL incidence was observed in the post-El Niño years 1989 (+38.7%) and 1995 (+33.5%). The regression model demonstrates that the previous year's ...

El Centro Hispano is a grassroots community-based organization dedicated to strengthening the Latino community and to improving the quality of life among Latino residents in central North Carolina. This article discusses El Centro Hispano's role in providing culturally and linguistically appropriate education, outreach, and referrals to prevent and control diabetes among Latinos.

Solar neutrino experiments observed fluxes smaller than the expectations from the standard solar model. This discrepancy is known as the "solar neutrino problem". Flux measurements by Super-Kamiokande and SNO have demonstrated that the solar neutrino problem is due to neutrino oscillations. Combining the results of all solar neutrino experiments, parameters for solar neutrino oscillations are o...

1. Increases in global temperatures have created concern about effects of climatic variability on populations, and climate has been shown to affect population dynamics in an increasing number of species. Testing for effects of climate on population densities across a species' distribution allows for elucidation of effects of climate that would not be apparent at smaller spatial scales. 2. Using...

We report on the nondestructive observation of Rabi oscillations on the Cs clock transition. The internal atomic state evolution of a dipole-trapped ensemble of cold atoms is inferred from the phase shift of a probe laser beam as measured using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We describe a single color as well as a two-color probing scheme. Using the latter, measurements of the collective pseudo...

Oxygen isotope ratios in Porites microatolls from Christmas Island in the central Pacific provide highresolution proxy records of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability since 3.8 thousand years ago (ka). Compared with modern microatolls, reconstructions from fossil microatolls imply that interannual variations in ENSO sea-surface temperature and precipitation were less intense 3.8–2.8 ...

The upper temperature tolerance of 10 commercially important South American bivalve species (Gari solida, Semele solida, Semele corrugata, Protothaca thaca, Venus antiqua. Tagelus dombeii, Ensis macha, Aulacomya ater, Choromytilus chorus and Argopecten purpura tus) off Peru and Chile was determined and compared in order to study some of the effects of El Nino. Due to higher habitat temperatures...

Southern California kelp forests experienced major losses during the El Nino of 1957-1959. The proximal reason for the decline was ascribed to sea urchin grazing, and the eventual recovery of some forests followed sea urchin control efforts, kelp restoration, and improvements In sewage disposal practices. The very strong El Nirio of 1982-84 allowed us to reexamine hypotheses regarding the inter...