The central role of translation in modulating gene activity has long been recognized, yet the systematic exploration of quantitative changes in translation at a genome-wide scale in response to a specific stimulus has only recently become technically feasible. Using the well-characterized signaling pathway of the phytohormone ethylene and plant-optimized genome-wide ribosome footprinting, we ha...

Cytokinin replaces light in several aspects of the photomorphogenesis of dicot seedlings. Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown under red light have been shown to become disoriented, losing the negative hypocotyl gravitropism that has been observed in seedlings grown in darkness or white light. We report here that cytokinin at micromolar concentrations restores gravitropism to seedlings grown un...

Plants use ethylene gas as a signal to regulate myriad developmental processes and stress responses. The Arabidopsis EIN3 protein is a key transcription factor mediating ethylene-regulated gene expression and morphological responses. Here, we report that EIN3 protein levels rapidly increase in response to ethylene and this response requires several ethylene-signaling pathway components includin...

The gaseous hormone ethylene (ET) controls diverse aspects of plant life (1). In innate immunity, ET is often associated with resistance to necrotrophic pathogens (2). ET also plays a role in induced systemic resistance that is triggered by the perception of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere (2). ET is often antagonistic with the hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (2). However, perc...

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses plants. However, little is known about their function grapevine. Here, we report that VpCDPK9 VpCDPK13, two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance. The transcription of them leaves ‘Baihe-35-1’ were differen...