Gravimetric quantities are commonly represented in terms of high degree surface or solid spherical harmonics. After EGM2008, such expansions routinely extend to spherical harmonic degree 2190, which makes the computation of gravimetric quantities at a large number of arbitrarily scattered points in space using harmonic synthesis, a very computationally demanding process. We present here the dev...

Gravimetric geoid computation is often based on modified Stokes’s integration, where Stokes’s integral is evaluated with some stochastic or deterministic kernel modification. Accurate numerical evaluation of Stokes’s integral requires the modified kernel to be integrated across the area of each discretised grid cell (mean kernel). Evaluating the modified kernel at the centre of the cell (point ...

The use of high-precision technology the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has put forward task developing methods for creation and a new national open coordinate in Republic Uzbekistan. In country, up to now CS42 system, based on Krasovsky ellipsoid used geodetic works. Baltic normal heights (1977), tied mean sea level with zero mark Kronstadt tide gauge, was adopted as height datum. D...

We deal with the test of the general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect currently being conducted in the Earth’s gravitational field with the combined nodes Ω of the laser-ranged geodetic satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II. One of the most important sources of systematic uncertainty on the orbits of the LAGEOS satellites, with respect to the Lense-Thirring signature, is the bias du...

Abstract In this study, China’s first altimeter satellite Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) data combined observations from CryoSat-2, SARAL/AltiKa, and Jason-1&2 are used to calculate the global (60°S–60°N) marine deflections of vertical gravity anomalies named Global Marine Gravity Anomaly Version 1(GMGA1), with grid resolution 1? × 1?. The each derived gradients geoid height through least squares metho...

The development of the global geopotential model (GGM) broadens its applications in ocean science, which emphasizes importance for assessment. We assess recently released high-degree GGMs over South China Sea through heterogeneous geodetic observations and synthetic/ocean reanalysis data. comparisons with a high resolution (∼3 km) airborne gravimetric survey Paracel Islands show that XGM2019e_2...

Abstract The orthometric height has an essential role in a variety of civil engineering projects and it is defined as the length curved plumbline from point (on earth surface) to its intersection with geoid surface. Leveling process considered most accurate technique for obtaining these heights. However, regardless potentials, tedious, costly, time consuming. Recently many organizations researc...