In ectothermic species, females often produce larger eggs in colder environments. Models based on energetic constraints suggest that this pattern is an adaptation to compensate for the slower growth of offspring in the cold. Yet, females in cold environments also tend to be larger than females in warm environments. Consequently, thermal clines in egg size could be caused by pelvic constraints, ...

The United States Armed Forces have been engaged in combat operations for more than 10 years. Not enough can be said about nor enough gratitude expressed to our troops for their commitment and sacrifice during this period. This supplement to the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is dedicated to the men and women of the United States Armed Services and to their families and...

We propose an exponential wave integrator sine pseudospectral (EWI-SP) method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with wave operator (NLSW), and carry out rigorous error analysis. The NLSW is NLS perturbed by the wave operator with strength described by a dimensionless parameter ε ∈ (0, 1]. As ε → 0, the NLSW converges to the NLS and for the small perturbation, i.e. 0 < ε ≪ 1, the solu...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect different age and plumage color on egg quality traits cholesterol levels, in addition which can be used for weight prediction Japanese quails. eggs obtained from 23-week-old original colored Jumbo quails, 39-week-old quails; 40, 20 were respectively as research material. In terms difference, when quails compared yolk weight, height, diameter h...

This paper presents an Enhanced Waveform Interpolative (EWI) speech coder at 4 kbps. The system incorporates novel features such as analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) vector-quantization (VQ) of the dispersion-phase, AbS optimization of the slowly evolving waveform (SEW), a special pitch search for transitions, and switched-predictive analysis-by-synthesis gain VQ. Subjective quality tests indicate th...

A key component of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Global HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) prevention and assessment strategy is to monitor HIVDR early-warning indicators (EWIs), which provide strategic information for HIVDR containment. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO supported implementation of HIVDR EWI monitoring in 16 Caribbean countries. Results from 15 countries were a...

We present two uniformly and optimally accurate numerical methods for discretizing the Zakharov system (ZS) with a dimensionless parameter 0 < ε ≤ 1, which is inversely proportional to the acoustic speed. In the subsonic limit regime, i.e. 0 < ε ≪ 1, the solution of ZS propagates waves with O(ε)and O(1)-wavelength in time and space, respectively, and/or rapid outgoing initial layers with speed ...

BACKGROUND Malawi started rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2004 and by December 2006 had initiated over 85,000 patients on treatment. Early warning indicator (EWI) reports can help to minimize the risk of emerging drug resistance. METHODS Data collected during the routine quarterly supervision of 103 public sector sites was used to compile the first EWI report for HIV drug re...

Determination of physiological state in insects is useful in furthering the understanding of how insect behavior changes with age. Central to this determination is the identification of characters that allow assessment of physiological age. While non-destructive measures produce the most desired outcomes, internal markers may be more diagnostic and reliable. In this study, key morphological cha...