BACKGROUND There is evidence that household point-of-use (POU) water treatment products can reduce the enormous burden of water-borne illness. Nevertheless, adoption among the global poor is very low, and little evidence exists on why. METHODS We gave 600 households in poor communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh randomly-ordered two-month free trials of four water treatment products: dilute liquid ...

Rapid and facile preparation of the cheap modified electrode materials is an important parameter in development of the efficient electrochemical sensor for industrial scale production and mass-market usage. In the present work, the carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared for sensitive determination of lead (Pb) ion in the presence of bismuth (Bi)...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water ...

the greatest limitations to agricultural development and production in iran are scarcity of water resources, ineffective irrigation scheduling and wasteful water usage. avenues discussed for optimum water use include improving water productivity by improving irrigation scheduling, farm water management and water profitability. the present study evaluated current water use and ways to improve wi...

Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is vital for efficient water splitting owing to the sluggish kinetics anodic reaction. In this issue, Wang et al. shed light on an anion-etching approach accelerate rapid formation high active species surface pre-catalysts during OER, yet opening up a whole new avenue construct high-performance catalysts electrolyers and other ...

The off-net-cost pricing principle argues that under a broad range of environments a positive “access” charge paid by originating networks to interconnected terminating networks would cause networks to set on-net usage charges equal to off-net rates, and that these charges would fully reflect the access charge. However, other results in the literature provide reasonable conditions under which o...

This research examines the life-cycle water and nutrients usage of microalgae-based biodiesel production. The influence of water types, operation with and without recycling, algal species, geographic distributions are analyzed. The results confirm the competitiveness of microalgae-based biofuels and highlight the necessity of recycling harvested water and using sea/wastewater as water source. T...