Rising rates of maternal employment among current and former welfare recipients have increased the use of non-parental child care. Little empirical work examines the relationship between women’s labor supply and the geographic supply of child care. We combine census data with child care provider information for the state of Maryland to explore the relationship between female labor supply and th...

This paper exploits a unique long-horizon longitudinal data set from Tanzania to examine the long-run consequences of child labor on education, employment choices, and marital status. Using crop shocks as instruments, our 2SLS estimates indicate that child labor is causally associated with reduced educational attainment (both as measured by the number of school years as well as by an indicator ...

A popular form of action to curb child labor and uphold international labor standards in general is a product boycott by consumers. There are labeling agencies that inform us if, for instance, a carpet or a hand-stitched soccer ball is free of child labor. The presence of a consumer boycott will typically mean that products tainted by child labor will command a lower price on the market than on...

Child labor has been a fundamental concern within the international community for almost a century—and significantly longer at the country level. Driven by a desire to protect those who often are the most vulnerable from deplorable and extreme working conditions, both the national and international communities have sought to implement laws and standards to regulate child labor. The protection o...

Two main contrasting approaches are used in the entrepreneurship literature to explain how new ventures strategize: causal/planned strategies and effectual/emergent strategies. In this study, we explore the use of these strategies within micro and small firms. Our results show that larger companies typically used more planned strategies while simultaneously relying on effectual mechanisms. We o...

Is improved school accessibility an effective policy tool for reducing child labor in developing countries? We address this question using micro data from rural Tanzania and a regression strategy that attempts to control for non-random location of households around schools as well as classical and non-classical measurement error in self-reported distance to school. Consistent with a simple mode...