according to coates’s (2004, as cited in zhang, 2010) definition of "conversational dominance" (p.111), it refers to the phenomenon of a speaker dominating others in interaction. specifically, it means how a speaker makes use of certain strategies to get the floor and maintain the floor. thus, the amount of talk is the main measurement for the dominance of the conversation. whether a speaker do...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate selfed (S1, S2 and S3) and open pollinated (OP1, OP2 and OP3) generations of alfalfa in terms of inbreeding depression and general combining ability of S2 families of alfalfa ecotypes. Selfing of selected plants to produce three generations of S1, S2 and S3 generations were performed under the field conditions and the clones of each selfed- ge...

In this research the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on morpho-physiological traits (height of plant, number of lateral stem, relative water content in leaf, fresh and dry matter of plant), essential oil content and composition of Dragonhead were investigated. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 2019 and 2020. Treatments were: con...

abstract since heubners (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages. the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same cen...

abstract objectives gradual increase length and complexity of utterance (gilcu) therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. this type of treatment is very precise and controlled that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisted of monologue, reading and conversation. this study aimed to examine the effects of gilcu treatment method on reduction of speech dysfluency of school-age...

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...