a simple, clean, and environmentally benign three-component process for the synthesis of 2-amino-4hchromenes using [mim]cl, as an efficient catalyst under solvent-free conditions are described. a wide range of aromatic aldehydes easily undergoes condensations with 1-naphthol and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions to afford the desired products of good purity in excellent yields. taking...

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employment as an efficient and magnetically separable Nano catalyst for the synthesis of amides via one-pot Beckmann rearrangement of ketones under solvent-free conditions. Various secondary amides were synthesized by this method in moderate to good yields. The catalyst showed high thermal stability and was recovered and reused at least five times without any considerab...

We report here an operationally simple, palladium-catalyzed cyclization reaction of N-aryl imines, affording indoles via the oxidative linkage of two C-H bonds under mild conditions using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. The process allows quick and atom-economical assembly of indole rings from inexpensive and readily available anilines and ketones and tolerates a broad range of functional...

Current discussions within the standardization process of Learning Technology are mainly focused on economical opportunities and technical aspects of so called learning objects. Surprisingly little discussion is about instructional or didactical issues. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a didactical taxonomy of learning objects and a didactical metadata approach for the facilitation...

Species protection often conflicts with economical interests. Applying a proactive approach to nature conservation, in which conservation measures are integrated into economical activities, can bring resolve. In the Netherlands, the presence of the strictly protected Natterjack toad often leads to conflicts. For one particular region it is even clear that a conservative interpretation and appli...

Intricate caged molecular frameworks are assembled by an atom economical process via a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, a Claisen rearrangement, a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and an alkenyl Grignard addition. The introduction of olefinic moieties in the pentacycloundecane (PCUD) framework at appropriate positions followed by RCM led to the formation of novel heptacyclic cage systems.

This paper discusses a project, introducing a dynamic product flow model for optimizing mixed ecological farms. Mixed ecological farms focus upon closing cycles and management is based on control of ecological processes. The aim is to provide a tool for farmers to tune their farm to its specific ecological, economical and social environment. The production process is modeled in terms of cyclic ...

A recent breakthrough in primary amine dehydrogenation by an oxidant-free process, and without any hydrogen acceptor, opens the possibility for RCH2NH2/RCN couples to be considered as potential hydrogen energy carriers. Both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes can be catalysed by ruthenium complexes under rather mild conditions. This emerging exciting approach could be the starting poin...

ABSTARCT: Solar drying is an integral part of rural life for various products, especially vegetable, fruits & spices which are produced in rural areas and have no scientific means of preserving such raw products. This paper is an attempt to review the solar drying process & solar dryers used for chilli drying worldwide which includes types of solar dryer, drying process & techno economical feas...

Hierarchical Decision Process has been applied to redesign a wastewater treatment plant to achieve phosphorus removal The Hierarchical Decision Process suggests the order in which the decisions should be taken during the development of the new process, starting with the design of the reactor due to the strong interaction with the rest of the process. The redesign task is formulated as a multicr...