The standard Tobit maximum likelihood estimator under zero censoring threshold produces inconsistent parameter estimates, when the constant censoring threshold γ is nonzero and unknown. Unfortunately, the recording of a zero rather than the actual censoring threshold value is typical of economic data. Non-trivial minimum purchase prices for most goods, fixed cost for doing business or trading, ...

The aim of this paper is to assess the sign and magnitude of the nonlinear effects of main socio-economic variables as well as the financial development index(measured by private credit to GDP ratio) on the environmental pollution. Specifically, the interaction of the socio-economic variables with financial development as a threshold variable in affecting CO2 emission is studied. In this respec...

this study investigates the effects of the government effectiveness and financial development indices on economic growth in d-8 countries over the period 1996-2012, by applying the panel smooth transition regression (pstr) model. for this purpose, we use non-linear least squares (nls) method for estimation of model. the estimation results reject the linearity hypothesis, and estimate two regime...

OBJECTIVE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of adverse visual outcomes in premature infants. Both laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy have been demonstrated in clinical trials to be efficacious in reducing the incidence of visual loss occurring secondary to threshold ROP. Visual data recently have become available concerning the long-term clinical efficacy of both treatment...

To determine the economic threshold level, oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Geumssaragi-euncheon) grafted on Shintozoa (Cucurbita maxima x Cu. moschata) was planted in plots (2 x 3 m) under a plastic film in February with a range of initial population densities (Pi) of Meloidogyne arenaria. The relationships of early, late, and total yield to Pi measured in September and January were adequat...

Good management models for postemergence weed control require good estimates of which weed density produces an economic threshold yield. Because intraweed competition increases if weeds are aggregated, weed spatial pattern may be an important factor for inclusion in management models. Mathematical models of weed–crop competition have demonstrated that this may be the case, but the small number ...