The choice to give up sovereignty to another state helps explain the development of international hierarchy, while resistance often results in conflict as states instead use coercion to assert their control. This paper develops an explanation of why actors support giving up sovereignty to another state. The argument uses domestic politics to explain hierarchy, expanding beyond the existing lite...

Recognition of byproducts and their exploiting economic evaluation is one of basic requirements in documenting prospect of rangelands utilization. In this regard, the present study was performed to estimate the economic indices of exploiting byproducts production in Varnasa rangelands, Naghadeh, Iran. For this purpose, the economic data for calculating economic indices were collected after samp...

The overall design of an industrial crop production system should optimize the system's global parameters, such as total area required, intensity of cultivation and general production schedule. The key element is the optimal intensity of cultivation for the prevailing climatic and economic environments. A single-state-variable vegetative crop model (e.g. lettuce) was used to optimize a crop pro...

Although developing countries are most often associated with institutional instability, most are fairly stable and may be considered extremely stable if one takes into account the fact that policies adopted by many of these nations are highly inefficient. In a large number of cases, post-independence economic policies adopted by developing countries have resulted in very slow, stagnant or even ...

this paper undertakes a preliminary evaluation of economic impact of aqua-agriculture reservoirs in golestan province with different size classes. the method of information gathering in this research has been in method census from 39 of aqua-agriculture reservoirs in 4 classes (25 ha.) that information necessary to complete questionnaire has prepared. results showed that fish fingerling proprat...

This paper investigates the hypothesis that the objective function of economic agents is non-separable in economic incentives and social preferences. We study fixed-prize contests in a 2 × 2 experimental design, varying orthogonally the degree of competition of the incentive mechanism (all-pay auction vs. lottery) and the presence or absence of social returns to bidding (public good vs. rent se...

Housing costs, including rent, have become a significant economic burden for millions of floating population families in urban China, affecting their living standards and influencing migration decision-making. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) 2012 2017, this study analyzes spatial patterns family income, rent-to-income ratio among different regions, cities, groups. Resul...

Fundamental theory of rent is a methodological framework research innovative social and environmental transformation forest sector Belarus. The purpose the work was to highlight an importance patterns rent-based economies need for them be accommodated in economic relations sector, as well identify operational applications complex differentiated knowledge rents aspect active passive (monitoring,...