An important special case of the economic lot-sizing problem is the one in which there are no speculative motives to hold inventory, i. e., the marginal cost of ]n'oducing one unit m some period plus the cost of holding it until some future period is at least the marginal production cost in the latter period. It is already known that this special case can be solved in linear time. In this paper...

This paper uses an economic agent-based model of land use in a hypothetical urban fringe community to examine the effects of large-lot zoning on land conversion, land prices, and the spatial configuration and density of new development. The model incorporates the actions of heterogeneous housing consumers, developers, and farmer/landowners who make economic decisions in land and housing markets...

Production lot-sizing has a special significance in supply chain taking into account the fact that majority of the lot-sizing problems are associated with NP-hard scheduling and sequencing problems. The complexity increases exponentially when multi-item capacitated dynamic lot-sizing is considered. The basic economic production quantity (EPQ) model minimizes the sum of setup and holding cost un...

We study a variant of the Stochastic Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (SELSP) in which a single production facility must produce several grades to meet random stationary demand for each grade from a common finished-goods (FG) inventory buffer with limited storage capacity. Demand that can not be satisfied directly from inventory is lost. Raw material is always available, and the production facil...

We formulate the well-known economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP) with sequence dependent setup times and costs as a semi-Markov decision process. Using an affine approximation of the bias function, we obtain a semi-infinite linear program determining a lower bound for the minimum average cost rate. Under a very mild condition, we can reduce this problem to a relatively small convex quadratica...

We study a variant of the Stochastic Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (SELSP) in which a single production facility must produce several grades to meet random stationary demand for each grade from a common finished-goods (FG) inventory buffer with limited storage capacity. Demand that can not be satisfied directly from inventory is lost. Raw material is always available, and the production facil...

Background older people may be less likely to receive interventions than younger people. Age bias in national guidance may influence entire public health and health care systems. We examined how English National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) guidance and guidelines consider age. Methods we undertook a documentary analysis of NICE public health (n = 33) and clinical (n = 114) g...

In this paper we consider the uncapacitated economic lot-size model, where demand is a deterministic function of price. In the model a single price need to be set for all periods. The objective is to find an optimal price and ordering decisions simultaneously. In 1973 Kunreuther and Schrage proposed an heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. The contribution of our paper is twofold. First, w...

Joint economic lot sizing (JELS) addresses integrated inventory models in a supply chain. Most of the studies in this field either do not consider the role of the transportation cost in their analysis or consider transportation cost as a fixed part of the ordering costs. In this article, a model is developed to analyze an incremental quantity discount in transportation cost. Appropriate equatio...