Marine biologists have shown virtually unqualified support for managing fisheries with marine reserves, signifying a new resource management paradigm that recognizes the importance of spatial processes in exploited systems. Most modeling of reserves employs simplifying assumptions about the behavior of fishermen in response to spatial closures. We show that realistic depiction of the behavior o...

In light of recent changes in the labor force participation and socioeconomic standing of women, we ask whether a woman's position in the labor market has become more important over time as a determinant of her position in the marriage market. To test this hypothesis, we examine change over time in the association of wives' wages and husbands' socioeconomic standing, using data on first marriag...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a generalized skin disease which is an infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle caused by a virus associated with the Neethling poxvirus in the genus Capri poxvirus of the family Poxviridae. LSD was first described in Zambia and occurs in other most African countries and sporadically in the Middle East region. Mechanical vector insects might play a ...

The oceans have long been recognized as one of humanity’s most important natural resources. Their vastness has made them appear to be limitless sources of food, transportation, recreation, and awe. The difficulty of fencing and policing them has left them largely as open access resources to be exploited by anyone with the means. However, in recent times we have begun to reach the limits of the ...

This paper investigates whether there has been a fundamental change in the importance of economic conditions on fertility. Through the 1980s econometric studies had found at best a mixed, neutral or negative effect of economic conditions on fertility. Notably, Butz and Ward (1979) concluded that fertility was counter-cyclical, with fertility falling in good times, as the opportunity costs of ch...

A method of genetically evaluating animals by using mitochondrial DNA is disclosed. Polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA are detected by isolating, fragmenting, and sequencing the DNA. The restriction patterns and nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA of different animals are correlated to expressed traits in the animals. This may be confirmed by comparing results to expression of the trait i...

This paper undertakes an assessment of a rapidly growing body of economic research on financial literacy. We start with an overview of theoretical research which casts financial knowledge as a form of investment in human capital. Endogenizing financial knowledge has important implications for welfare as well as policies intended to enhance levels of financial knowledge in the larger population....

Flood phenomenon is one of the catastrophic natural disasters which usually cause injuries and economic losses more than any weather phenomenon. Therefore evaluating flood economic losses is extremely important and it should be consider in socioeconomic development, spatial planning policies and flood control plans. Contrary to importance of this issue, available evaluating methods of flood eco...

In this study production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 7 flocks with size 57 to 400 and 721 heads of camels in a cycle of reproduction, during three years from 2011 to 2013 were used to find out of the economic values of important traits in one hump camel in desert areas rearing system. The economic traits that appeared in profit equati...

This paper examines how the importance given to operations and marketing functions impacts their capabilities and, consequently, overall firm performance. Using the resource-based theory (RBT) and top management team literature as a foundation, we explore the relationship between business factors under different economic conditions using panel data, to test whether the importance given to the o...