1. The popularity of Machine learning (ML), Deep (DL), and Artificial intelligence (AI) has risen sharply in recent years. Despite this spike popularity, the inner workings ML DL algorithms are often perceived as opaque, their relationship to classical data analysis tools remains debated. 2. Although it is assumed that excel primarily at making predictions, can also be used for analytical tasks...

Over the past two decades, evolutionary and behavioural ecologists have become increasingly interested in the adaptive consequences of intraspecific variability in life history and behavioural strategies. Recently, behavioural endocrinologists have begun to uncover surprising relationships between levels of prenatal exposure to gonadal hormones and variation in reproductive behaviour in adultho...

River ecologists are also river-basin planners. However, their role in planning has developed slowly over the decades since the beginning of the 20th century. Three major factors explain this phenomenon. First, ecologists focused on plant and animal communities rather than on broader policy issues related to land settlement and water development. Second, the federal government, and most state a...

Long-term ecological data are crucial in helping ecologists understand ecosystem function and environmental change. Nevertheless, these kinds of data sets are difficult to analyze because they are usually large, multivariate, and spatiotemporal. Although existing analysis tools such as statistical methods and spreadsheet software permit rigorous tests of pre-conceived hypotheses and static char...