Ecological inference : new methodological strategies / edited

For longitudinal data, mixed models include random subject effects to indicate how subjects influence their responses over repeated assessments. The error variance and the variance of the random effects are usually considered to be homogeneous. These variance terms characterize the within-subjects (i.e., error variance) and between-subjects (i.e., random-effects variance) variation in the data....

pond aquaculture is the most significant fish production method in central europe, approximately 70% of the total fish production is originated from traditional fish ponds in this region, which is a resource-saving, ecologically sustainable production method. however, the growth of this sector is not expected because of the low production capacity of valuable fish species and the relatively hig...

Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. Resilient social-ecological systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance the ...

The aim of this project was to develop a conceptual framework and analysis tools to assess the adaptive capacity of community-based collaborative groups (CBCs), to test these tools by applying them to three rangeland collaboratives, and to identify factors that contribute to the adaptive capacity of CBCs. We developed a conceptual framework for assessing the adaptive capacity of CBCs and used t...

Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We argue that these emerging insights have implications for policies and strategies for responding to climate change. We review perspectives on ...

Urban economy is confronted with increasing biophysical limitations derived from the exhaustion of natural resources and the depletion of environmental capacity, and human cultural diversity has been declining during the fast urbanization. The conventional anthropocentric economics, regarding the natural environment as the ‘exterior’ of human economy, is invalid in the scientific evaluation on ...

this study is investigate to ecological characters, ethnopharmacology, total phenols (tp), flavonoids (tf), anthocyanins (ta) contentand antioxidant capacity in leaves and fruit of vaccinium arctostaphylos l. from two natural habitats from gilan provinve, which has been used as a heart tonic ,anti diabeteand anti tumor. ecological requirements were obtained in many field observation, ethno phar...

Based upon ecological data provided by a 6-year study of native species assemblage structure and function in near-pristine Limahuli Stream (Kauai), The Hawaii Stream Index of Biological Integrity (HS-IBI) incorporates 11 metrics covering five ecological categories (taxonomic richness, sensitive species, reproductive capacity, trophic-habitat capacity, and tolerance capacity). The HS-IBI was sho...