The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the natural host of Puumala virus (PUUV) in vast areas of Europe. PUUV is one of the hantaviruses which are transmitted to humans by infected rodents. PUUV causes a general mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) called nephropathia epidemica (NE). Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases generally display clear spatial patterns due to different s...

BackgroundSeveral studies have examined the relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) and various health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HDI, and infant mortality rate, mortality rate of children under one year and under 5 years, maternal mortality rate, and total fertility rate.Materials and MethodsIn this ecologic study, data on HDI, total ...

sustainability creates solutions that solve the economic, social and environmental challenges. it has been studied and managed over many scales of time and space and in many contexts. the paper reviews the definitions of sustainability respecting the ecologic concept as well the need for balanced sustainability within its three pillars on equal way, then it goes throw ecologic architecture with...

A key notion that has received much attention in epidemiology over the past few years has been that not all disease determinants can be conceptualized as individual-level attributes, hence the need to consider features of the groups to which individuals belong when studying the causes of ill health. This has led epidemiologists and public health researchers to rethink the ideas on ecologic stud...

The article analyzes wordings of the category ‘ecosystem’ as a form interaction in economics. Drawbacks current definitions term were identified and wording ‘ecosystem’, which is most substantiated for present research, was presented. ‘microcosm ecologic taxation’ introduced defined. Common features differences, structure, elements internal set-up ecosystem microcosm described. author underline...

Analyses of leaf megafossil and dispersed leaf cuticle assemblages indicate that major ecologic disruption and high rates of extinction occurred in plant communities at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Raton Basin. In diversity increase, the early Paleocene vegetational sequence mimics normal short-term ecologic succession, but on a far longer time scale. No difference can be detected be...