One of the key issues in spoken language translation is how to deal with unrestricted expressions in spontaneous utterances. This research is centered on the development of a Chinese paraphraser that automatically paraphrases utterances prior to transfer in Chinese-Japanese spoken language translation. In this paper, a pattern-based approach to paraphrasing is proposed for which only morphologi...

A 58-year-old man underwent cardiac catheterization for unstable angina. The coronary angiogram revealed severe stenosis of the right coronary artery. Although 20-MHz, phased-array intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) only visualized eccentric, low echoic plaque at the culprit site, optical coherence tomography (OCT) clearly revealed ruptured plaque and an intraluminal thrombus. OCT also revealed a ...

We present an approach to utterance representation which views utterances and their sub-constituents as instructions for contextual update: programs in a dynamic logic defined with respect to the dialogue gameboard of (Ginzburg, 1996; Fernández, 2003b). This approach allows utterance processing protocols to be represented within the grammar rather than postulated as separate dialogue processes:...

During the grammatical encoding of spoken multiword utterances, various kinds of information must be used to determine the order of words. For example, whereas in adjective-noun utterances like "red car," word order can be determined on the basis of the word's grammatical class information, in noun-noun utterances like "... by car, bus, or ...," word order cannot be determined on the basis of a...

This paper describes a model of cooperative behavior and describes how such a model can be applied in a natural language understanding system. We assume that agents attempt to recognize the plans of other agents and, then, use this plan when deciding what response to make. In particular, we show that, given a setting in which purposeful dialogues occur, this model can account for responses that...

Meanings are constructed situationally by the participants in interaction, as they construe intent in each other’s uttered words. A well-known story (said to be a favorite of both Vygotsky and Bakhtin) tells of a group of sailors having a nuanced exchange by repeating the same expletive to each other, but with a different intonation and timing at each turn. This polysemousness of words is equal...