Kautilya's Arthasastra (4th century B.C.) is one of the most influential treatise in Political Science in the Indian Civilization. This work deals with virtually all aspects of governance in a monarchical state. In the Indian philosophy, the objective of every being is the pursuit of dharma. State, a human artifact, is constituted to get the human race out of the state of nature. State enables ...

Demographic studies of medieval English villages are often considered impracticable, since nearly all surviving documents were intended to help manorial lords control their property and supervise their local managers, not to record every birth or death. Only rarely did the king demand a lay subsidy from his subjects, enabling us to enumerate the better off, though not the whole population. Not ...

T HE EXTENT to which civil courts may assume jurisdiction of ecclesiastical matters in church property disputes1 was involved in the North Carolina case of Reid v. Johnston. 2 There, a Baptist church, organized in 1894, -received land on a conveyance which attached no doctrinal limitations to its use. In 1953, a new pastor, supported by a majority of the congregation, led a movement to withdraw...

Written sources indicate that the farm of Reykholt in Borgarfjörður, Iceland was built on the land of the original settlement farm, and that it had acquired the primary status in the valley by the early 12th century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the farm together with a church may have been established as early as ca. 1000 AD, which is when Christianity was adopted in Iceland. The site...