Since 2007, the European Commission (EC) has opened numerous competition cases regarding Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, and Meta (AAAM). Enforcement, however, remained elusive, prompting a new regulatory paradigm in EU known as Digital Markets Act. In this study, we analyze EC’s policy approach big tech with an emphasis on AAAM. Rather than implementing consumer welfare friendly neoclassic economics ...

Learning and optimization are the two essential abilities of human beings for problem solving. Similarly, computer scientists have made great efforts to design artificial neural network (ANN) evolutionary computation (EC) simulate learning ability solving real-world problems, respectively. These been branches in intelligence (AI) science. However, humans, usually integrated together Therefore, ...

The use of IoT has become pervasive and devices are common in many domains. Industrial (IIoT) utilises sensors to monitor machines environments ensure optimal performance equipment processes. Predictive Maintenance (PM) which monitors the health determine probable failure components is one IIoT technique receiving attention lately. To achieve effective PM, massive amounts data collected, proces...

Past studies of backward evaluative conditioning (EC) have found an assimilation effect, in that neutral conditional stimuli (conditional stimulus [CS]) were to acquire the valence co-occurring unconditional (US). Recent employing a concurrent forward and paradigm with instructions suggesting contrastive relation between US CS resulted contrast effects, CSs acquired opposite US. The current res...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease often resulting in right-sided heart failure and premature death [1]. PAH is idiopathic (IPAH), heritable, or related to conditions such as connective tissue diseases (CTD) [2]. IPAH prognosis remains poor despite improved patient survival with current treatment options. Therefore, elucidating the pathophysiology of IPAH is important for t...