With the development of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metals contamination has become a major environmental problem. Numerous investigations have revealed an association between heavy metal exposure and the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. The mechanisms of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) contamination leading to gastric cancer are concluded in...

Concerns regarding plastic debris and its ability to accumulate large concentrations of priority pollutants in the aquatic environment led us to quantify relationships between different types of mass-produced plastic and metals in seawater. At three locations in San Diego Bay, we measured the accumulation of nine targeted metals (aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmiu...

Cellular metals and metallic foams are metals with pores deliberately integrated in their structure. The terms cellular metals or porous metals are general expressions referring to metals having large volume of porosities, while the terms foamed metal or metallic foams applies to porous metals produced with processes where foaming take place. Besides, the term metal sponge refers to highly poro...

The classification of a chemical element as either 'metal' or 'non-metal' continues to form the basis of an instantly recognizable, universal representation of the periodic table (Mendeleeff D. 1905 The principles of chemistry, vol. II, p. 23; Poliakoff M. & Tang S. 2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 373: , 20140211). Here, we review major, pre-quantum-mechanical innovations (Goldhammer DA. 1913 Dispe...

Chronic, low level exposure to toxic metals is an increasing global problem. The symptoms associated with the slow accumulation of toxic metals are multiple and rather nondescript, and overt expression of toxic effects may not appear until later in life. The sulfhydryl-reactive metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic) are particularly insidious and can affect a vast array of biochemical and nut...

A relatively small group of hyperaccumulator plants is capable of sequestering heavy metals in their shoot tissues at high concentrations. In recent years, major scientific progress has been made in understanding the physiological mechanisms of metal uptake and transport in these plants. However, relatively little is known about the molecular bases of hyperaccumulation. In this paper, current p...

Drilling mud and associated drill cuttings are the largest volume wastes associated with drilling of oil and gas wells and often are discharged to the ocean from offshore drilling platforms. Barite (BaSO4) often is added as a weighting agent to drilling muds to counteract pressure in the geologic formations being drilled, preventing a blowout. Some commercial drilling mud barites contain elevat...

The effects of metals on subcellular organelle functions have been reviewed in relation to carcinogenesis. Perturbations of the normal uptake and metabolism of carcinogens can arise through changes in microsomal enzyme activities, membrane permeabilities, and cell turnover. Metal effects on heme-dependent oxidative functions are well documented and are primarily manifested by increased heme deg...

orthodontic treatment of individuals with metal hypersensitivity is a matter of concern for the orthodontist. orthodontic appliances contain metals like nickel, cobalt and chromium etc. metals may cause allergic reactions and are known as allergens. reaction to these metals is due to biodegradation of metals in the oral cavity. this may lead to the formation of corrosion products and their expo...

Computing the enthalpies of formation for alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides (M(x)O) and hydroxides [M(OH)(n)] using the Gaussian-n (Gn) and Weismann-n (Wn) ab initio model chemistries is difficult due to an improper treatment of core-valence electron correlation effects. Using a new model chemistry called the correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA), enthalpies of formation w...